Obesity and blood pressure—results from the examination of 2365 schoolchildren in Germany

Reich, Andrea; Müller, German; Gelbrich, Götz; Deutscher, K; Gödicke, R; Kieß, Wieland

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802462

Cited by 100 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Consequently, for many with high BP levels, measures directed at the long-term prevention of cardiovascular morbidity may need to be started in adolescence to achieve maximal effectiveness. Even though BMI and all the adiposity indices were found to be significantly associated with BP levels in both sexes, BMI and body fat mass showed the strongest association, most closely related to SBP in both genders and to DBP only in males, in agreement with the literature data indicating that BMI contributes significantly to BP variability (19)(20)(21)24,27,46) , even in non-obese subjects (24,25) . The correlation between parental and adolescents' BMI values supports previous findings (18,(54)(55)(56) showing an influence of both parents' BMI on their children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In a sample of 2365 healthy schoolchildren aged 8-16 years, Reich et al (24) showed a significant trend towards a higher prevalence of hypertension in subjects with high BMI, but the positive correlation of hypertension to BMI was not only caused by overweight subjects. Indeed, when the high-risk group (above the 90th percentile) was excluded, the trend remained significant.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Overweight and blood pressure: results from the examination of a selected group of adolescents in northern Italy

Turconi

Maccarini²,

Bazzano

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate blood pressure (BP) levels and their relationship with different indices of body fat in a group of adolescents, in order to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and plan preventive and corrective strategies. Design: Cross-sectional study in primary care. Setting: All high schools in the Aosta Valley region, northern Italy. Subjects: Five hundred and thirty-two adolescents of both sexes, aged 15Á4 (standard deviation 0Á7) years. The following parameters were measured: body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI), four skinfold thicknesses, body fat mass, waist and hip circumferences and BP. Results: BMI data indicated a high prevalence of overweight subjects in both sexes, but higher in males, while the prevalence rate of obese adolescents was lower. Of the total, 11Á8 % of subjects suffered from systolic hypertension, while 6Á9 % suffered from diastolic hypertension. In linear correlation analysis, BMI and all adiposity indices, except waist:hip ratio, were found to be significantly associated (P ranging between 0Á05 and 0Á001) with both systolic BP and diastolic BP in both sexes, with r ranging between 0Á152 and 0Á359. Multiple regression analysis with the stepwise method showed BMI and body fat mass to have the strongest association (P , 0Á001) with BP, with r ranging between 0Á275 and 0Á359. Conclusion: Unless reversed, these conditions are worrying and predict the possible development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. There is a pressing need to develop a comprehensive medical and nutrition plan, together with preventive and corrective strategies, in school programmes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight and blood pressure: results from the examination of a selected group of adolescents in northern Italy

Turconi

Maccarini²,

Bazzano

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…98 As in adults, excessive visceral fat (central obesity) is associated with an increased disease risk in children and adolescents, particularly for components of the 'metabolic syndrome.' [9][10][11][12][13][14] The waist circumference measure, a proxy of visceral fat, is uniformly included in the diagnosis of the 'metabolic syndrome' in both children and adults. 99 Safe and effective treatments for central obesity in youth are urgently needed, given the increasing prevalence of overweight in youth, [1][2][3][4][5] and that the prevalence of 'metabolic syndrome' in overweight children and adolescents has been reported to be as high as 29-50%, 10,13 and rising.…”

Section: Central Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of major concern is the growing body of evidence reporting overweight-related morbidity in childhood and adolescence, both in the psychosocial [6][7][8] and physiological domain. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Recently, the prevalence of 'metabolic syndrome' was reported to be 39 and 50% in moderate and severely obese children and adolescents, respectively, indicating higher morbidity burden with greater obesity severity. 10 Unless this trend is curtailed, obesity-related disease, disability and death worldwide is projected to increase well into the 21st century, 15 whereas life expectancy at birth and at older ages may begin to decline by the middle of the 21st century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review

2006

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Background: Overweight prevalence among children/adolescents is increasing, while adult obesity may potentially cause a decline in life expectancy. More exercise is uniformly recommended, although treatment efficacy remains unclear. Objective: To determine the efficacy of exercise alone for treating overweight in children/adolescents. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials published in English were completed following multiple database searches performed on December 10, 2004. Studies of isolated or adjunctive exercise/physical activity treatment in overweight/obese children or adolescents which reported any overweight outcome were included. Literature searches identified 645 papers which were manually searched, of which 45 were considered for inclusion, of which 13 papers which reported 14 studies were included (N ¼ 481 overweight boys and girls, aged B12 years). Two reviewers independently identified relevant papers for potential inclusion and assessed methodological quality. Principal measures of effects included the mean difference (MD) (between treatment and control groups), the weighted MD (WMD), and the standardized MD (SMD). Results: Few studies were of robust design. The pooled SMD was À0.4 (À0.7, À0.1, P ¼ 0.006) for percent body fat, and À0.2 (À0.6, 0.1, P ¼ 0.07) for central obesity outcomes, whereas the pooled WMD was À2.7 kg (À6.1 kg, 0.8 kg, P ¼ 0.07) for body weight, all of which favored exercise. Pooled effects on body weight were significant and larger for studies of higher doses, whereas nonsignificant and smaller effects were seen for studies of lower doses of exercise (155-180 min/weeks vs 120-150 min/ weeks). Conclusions: Based on the small number of short-term randomized trials currently available, an aerobic exercise prescription of 155-180 min/weeks at moderate-to-high intensity is effective for reducing body fat in overweight children/adolescents, but effects on body weight and central obesity are inconclusive. Recommendations for future study designs are discussed.

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“…Serum was stored at K20 8C until analysis of adiponectin concentrations. Two hundred and fiftynine healthy control subjects without diabetes and !21 years of age were recruited along with regular public health service examinations in pre-school and school classes from a study on anthropometric measurements ('Leipzig school children's project', (29)) and from referred children and adolescents or pre-operative visits to the paediatric outpatient clinic. To be included in the study, the control subjects had to be without any acute disease and without clinical conditions involving the endocrine-metabolic system.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated serum levels of adiponectin in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes and the impact of age, gender, body mass index and metabolic control: a longitudinal study

Galler¹,

Gelbrich²,

Kratzsch³

et al. 2007

eur j endocrinol

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Objective: Adiponectin plays an important role in pathophysiology of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine adiponectin concentrations in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in a longitudinal manner and to study the impact of age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and metabolic control. Research design and methods: In this study, 88 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were followed longitudinally. At baseline and during follow-up, serum levels of adiponectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay and correlated with clinical data, HbA1c and lipids. Healthy children (nZ259) were chosen as a control group. Results: Serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in children with type 1 diabetes compared with healthy children (13.1 vs 9.1 mg/ml at baseline, P!0.001). Adiponectin concentrations inversely correlated with BMI S.D.s (P!0.001). No significant difference of adiponectin levels regarding gender, diabetes duration or HbA1c was seen. Adiponectin concentrations decreased in males with type 1 diabetes during puberty (PZ0.03) while there was no significant change in females. In a subgroup of patients with new onset type 1 diabetes, adiponectin concentrations were not different from adiponectin levels in control subjects but increased during follow-up (PZ0.007). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that most important predictors of adiponectin levels in type 1 diabetes at the end of the study were adiponectin concentration at baseline (bZ0.574, P!0.001) and BMI S.D.s (bZK0.302, PZ0.001, r 2 Z0.56). Conclusions: Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes have BMI-dependent elevated serum concentrations of adiponectin compared with healthy children.European Journal of Endocrinology 157 481-489

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Obesity and blood pressure—results from the examination of 2365 schoolchildren in Germany

Cited by 100 publications

References 23 publications

Overweight and blood pressure: results from the examination of a selected group of adolescents in northern Italy

Overweight and blood pressure: results from the examination of a selected group of adolescents in northern Italy

Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Elevated serum levels of adiponectin in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes and the impact of age, gender, body mass index and metabolic control: a longitudinal study

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