Obesity and Eating Disturbance: the Role of TFEQ Restraint and Disinhibition

Bryant, Eleanor; Rehman, Javairia; Pepper, Lisa B; Walters, Elizabeth

doi:10.1007/s13679-019-00365-x

Cited by 95 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…These differences in behaviour and lifestyle are likely associated with the obesogenic environment. Restrained eating is thought to be an adaptive behaviour to an environment of oversupply of easily accessible hyper-palatable foods and of the associated cues that amplify temptation in an obesogenic environment [78]. Repetitive dieting is also likely to contribute to disordered eating through predisposing weight gain [79], particularly among normal-weight individuals [80].…”

Section: The Obesogenic Environment Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sweet-Liking on Body Composition Depend on Age and Lifestyle: A Challenge to the Simple Sweet-Liking—Obesity Hypothesis

et al. 2020

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Taste hedonics drive food choices, and food choices affect weight maintenance. Despite this, the idea that hyper-palatability of sweet foods is linked to obesity development has been controversial for decades. Here, we investigate whether interpersonal differences in sweet-liking are related to body composition. Healthy adults aged 18–34 years from the UK (n = 148) and the US (n = 126) completed laboratory-based sensory tests (sucrose taste tests) and anthropometric measures (body mass index; BMI, body fat; fat-free mass; FFM, waist/hips circumferences). Habitual beverage intake and lifestyle and behavioural characteristics were also assessed. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we classified participants into three phenotypes: sweet liker (SL), sweet disliker (SD), and inverted-U (liking for moderate sweetness). Being a SD was linked to higher body fat among those younger than 21 years old, while in the older group, SLs had the highest BMI and FFM; age groups reflected different levels of exposure to the obesogenic environment. FFM emerged as a better predictor of sweet-liking than BMI and body fat. In the older group, sweetened beverage intake partially explained the phenotype–anthropometry associations. Collectively, our findings implicate underlying energy needs as an explanation for the variation in sweet-liking; the moderating roles of age and obesogenic environment require additional consideration.

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Section: The Obesogenic Environment Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sweet-Liking on Body Composition Depend on Age and Lifestyle: A Challenge to the Simple Sweet-Liking—Obesity Hypothesis

et al. 2020

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“…Some authors recommend that researchers and clinicians distinguish between flexible and rigid restraint [ 14 ]. In some cases, restraint is related to a lower body weight, better weight regulation, and a better diet quality while in others, restraint predicts poor diet, overeating, and obesity [ 48 ]. While short-term deprivation increases cravings for avoided foods, long-term restriction results in reduction of food cravings that can facilitate extinction of conditioned responses [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

Wiss

Brewerton

2020

Nutrients

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Converging evidence from both animal and human studies have implicated hedonic eating as a driver of both binge eating and obesity. The construct of food addiction has been used to capture pathological eating across clinical and non-clinical populations. There is an ongoing debate regarding the value of a food addiction “diagnosis” among those with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa binge/purge-type, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Much of the food addiction research in eating disorder populations has failed to account for dietary restraint, which can increase addiction-like eating behaviors and may even lead to false positives. Some have argued that the concept of food addiction does more harm than good by encouraging restrictive approaches to eating. Others have shown that a better understanding of the food addiction model can reduce stigma associated with obesity. What is lacking in the literature is a description of a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of food addiction. This should include consideration of dietary restraint, and the presence of symptoms of other psychiatric disorders (substance use, posttraumatic stress, depressive, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity) to guide treatments including nutrition interventions. The purpose of this review is to help clinicians identify the symptoms of food addiction (true positives, or “the signal”) from the more classic eating pathology (true negatives, or “restraint”) that can potentially elevate food addiction scores (false positives, or “the noise”). Three clinical vignettes are presented, designed to aid with the assessment process, case conceptualization, and treatment strategies. The review summarizes logical steps that clinicians can take to contextualize elevated food addiction scores, even when the use of validated research instruments is not practical.

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“…Em revisão de literatura 11 , foi avaliada a relação dos padrões de comportamentos alimentares com a obesidade e distúrbios alimentares. Os autores observaram que os padrões de comportamentos alimentares tiveram associação com o índice de massa corporal (IMC), qualidade da dieta, insatisfação corporal e compulsão alimentar.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Comportamento alimentar em obesos e sua correlação com o tratamento nutricional

Biagio

Moreira

Amaral

2020

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os tipos de comportamentos alimentares em indivíduos com obesidade e correlacionar com a adesão ao tratamento proposto. Métodos Estudo transversal desenvolvido em instituição de cardiologia em indivíduos com obesidade. Os tipos de comportamentos alimentares foram analisados pela escala The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire – R21 (TFEQ-21) – versão traduzida e adaptada para brasileiros. Nela são abordadas três subescalas: restrição cognitiva (RC), alimentação emocional (AE) e descontrole alimentar (DA). A adesão ao tratamento nutricional foi verificada pelo instrumento desenvolvido pela instituição, baseado nas principais diretrizes de doenças crônicas. Resultados Analisaram-se 100 indivíduos, com maior prevalência do sexo feminino (68%). Em relação à adesão, somente 25% apresentam boa aderência (escore > 60%). Foi possível identificar a relação entre o IMC e a RC; quanto maior o IMC, menor foi a intensidade da RC (p = 0,02). Observou-se correlação positiva entre a RC e adesão ao consumo de gorduras (p = 0,02) e fibra alimentar (p = 0,004). A subescala AE apresentou correlação negativa com a adesão ao consumo de gorduras (p = 0,03) e correlação positiva com a DA (p < 0,01). Conclusões O tipo de comportamento alimentar mais frequente na amostra foi a restrição cognitiva, que não foi correlacionada com o escore total de adesão. A AE foi associada com maior consumo de gorduras, similar ao encontrado em estudos nacionais e internacionais. Nota-se uma lacuna de estudos que relacionam o comportamento alimentar com a adesão ao tratamento nutricional.

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Obesity and Eating Disturbance: the Role of TFEQ Restraint and Disinhibition

Cited by 95 publications

References 105 publications

Effects of Sweet-Liking on Body Composition Depend on Age and Lifestyle: A Challenge to the Simple Sweet-Liking—Obesity Hypothesis

Effects of Sweet-Liking on Body Composition Depend on Age and Lifestyle: A Challenge to the Simple Sweet-Liking—Obesity Hypothesis

Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

Comportamento alimentar em obesos e sua correlação com o tratamento nutricional

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