Obesity and Food Away from Home: What Drives the Socioeconomic Gradient in Excess Body Weight?

Strupat, Christoph; Farfán, Gabriela; Moritz, Laura; Negre, Mario; Vakis, Renos

doi:10.1596/1813-9450-9066

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Eating OH has been associated with higher caloric and fat intake and lower micronutrient intake (12) , as well as higher rates of overweight and obesity (18) . In contrast, eating at home (AH) has been linked to more favourable dietary profiles (19,20) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to healthy and sustainable diets is not differentiated by cost, but rather source of foods among young adults in Albania

Llanaj

Hanley-Cook

2020

Br J Nutr

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High cost of nutritious foods and eating out of home (OH) might be barriers to healthy and sustainable diets. We examined adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), EAT-Lancet reference diet (EAT), and Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and the associations with dietary cost and eating OH. We evaluated cross-sectional data from single multiple-pass 24-hour diet recalls from 289 young adults (18–24 years) in Tirana, Albania. Dietary cost [in Albanian Lek (ALL)] was estimated by matching food consumption data with retail prices from local fast-food chains, supermarkets, restaurants, and food vendors. Poisson regression were fit to models that included DASH, EAT, and MDS as dependent variables to assess associations between healthy sustainable diet indicators and dietary cost and OH eating. Adjusted models controlled for BMI, sex, and total energy intake (kcal) using the residual method. Our findings indicate relatively poor adherence to healthy and sustainable dietary patterns among young men and women in Albania. Furthermore, better adherence to DASH, EAT, or MDS was not associated with dietary cost (per 100 ALL; range incidence rate ratios (IRRs): 0.97–1.00; all (un-)adjusted P>0.05). Nonetheless, eating OH was related to lower adherence to DASH (IRR: 0.79; P=0.003) and MDS (IRR: 0.69; P<0.001). In conclusion, adherence to health and sustainable dietary patterns was poor and not differentiated by cost, but rather source of foods (i.e. OH or at home). Further research on the potential public and environmental health effects of these findings are warranted in Albania.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to healthy and sustainable diets is not differentiated by cost, but rather source of foods among young adults in Albania

Llanaj

Hanley-Cook

2020

Br J Nutr

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“…If greater percent of the household expenditure is utilized for FAFH, quality of foods consumed could be compromised [51]. These findings raise serious concern as the socioeconomic gradient in obesity is attributable to the setting or food environment that affects the poorer sections of the populations and identifies the need to study the effect of dietary behavior in such settings [52,53]. Work by Du and co-workers explained the combined effect of FAFH along with race, ethnicity, and low family income with all-cause mortality.…”

Section: All-cause Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pooled prevalence of food away from home (FAFH) and associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Godbharle

Jeyakumar

Giri

et al. 2022

J Health Popul Nutr

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Background Food away from home (FAFH) is an ‘eating behavior’ widely practiced across nations, more common in developed nations. Likewise, in developing countries an increase of close to 50% indicates an upsurge in FAFH consumption. While various indices and tools are used to assess diet quality, diversity, or healthy eating, FAFH is less utilized to study dietary behaviors and the associated disease risk. Objective To calculate the pooled estimate of FAFH and identify the associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Independent electronic searches were conducted across 6 databases: Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane library, Ingenta, and CAB direct. Observational studies investigating the association between FAFH and NCD markers published between the year 2011 and 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Studies that included overweight or obese participants, pregnant women, or those under institutional care at baseline were excluded. The guidelines for reporting meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology were adhered to in the preparation of this systematic review. Results The random effects combined estimate for the overall prevalence of FAFH was 39.96% (95% CI 29.97–53.29). High heterogeneity (τ2 = 0.63, I2 = 100%) and high risk of bias were observed among the selected studies. The test for overall effect was observed to be z = 25.11 (p < 0.001). Eleven out of fourteen studies showed a positive association between FAFH and anthropometric changes. Twelve out of seventeen studies showed a positive association between FAFH and cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers. Conclusion Our work confirms FAFH as an evolving dietary behavior in both developing and developed countries, emphasizing the lack of representation from low-income countries. The association of FAFH with obesity and non-communicable disease risk is reinforced by our analyses. These findings should enable policy decisions to meet the rising demand of FAFH with healthier options to prevent the risk of NCD.

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“…Obesity and CPA strategies are global health issues, extrapolating borders and demanding strong and joint action by states [ 11 ]. Cost-effective regulatory and fiscal interventions are highly recommended to address these problems, both via scientific evidence [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] and from international organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], World Bank (WB) [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and Facilitators Related to the Adoption of Policies to Reduce Ultra-Processed Foods Consumption: A Scoping Review

Pereira

Bortolini

Campos

2023

IJERPH

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Cost-effective regulatory and fiscal interventions are recommended to address non-communicable diseases. While some countries are advancing regarding these actions, others have found it difficult to approve them. Aim: to conduct a scoping review to answer the question “What factors have influenced the adoption of food taxes, front-of-pack labeling and restrictions on marketing to children?”. Methods: A scoping review was developed from four databases. Studies that described and analyzed policy processes were included. Analysis was performed to identify the barriers and enablers mentioned under the guidance of Swinburn et al., Huang et al., Mialon et al., and Kingdon. Results: 168 documents were identified, describing experiences from five regions or groups and 23 countries, which have generated 1584 examples of 52 enablers (689 examples; 43.5%) and 55 barriers (895 examples; 56.5%) that may have influenced policies. The main enablers were related to the government environment and governance and to civil society strategies. Corporate political activity strategies were the main examples of barriers. Conclusions: This scoping review consolidated barriers and facilitators related to policies aimed at reducing ultra-processed foods consumption, demonstrating that factors related to the actions of governments and civil society are the main facilitators. On the other hand, as the most interested actor in promoting the consumption of these products, the strategies adopted by the companies that produce these products constitute the main barrier to these policies in all the studied countries and should be overcome.

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Obesity and Food Away from Home: What Drives the Socioeconomic Gradient in Excess Body Weight?

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Adherence to healthy and sustainable diets is not differentiated by cost, but rather source of foods among young adults in Albania

Adherence to healthy and sustainable diets is not differentiated by cost, but rather source of foods among young adults in Albania

Pooled prevalence of food away from home (FAFH) and associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Barriers and Facilitators Related to the Adoption of Policies to Reduce Ultra-Processed Foods Consumption: A Scoping Review

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