Obesity and Insulin Resistance: Associations with Chronic Inflammation, Genetic and Epigenetic Factors

Gasmi, Amin; Noor, Sàdaf; Menzel, Alain; Doşa, Alexandru; Pivina, Lyudmila; Bjørklund, Geir

doi:10.2174/0929867327666200824112056

Cited by 67 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…One of the most important factors contributing to worse outcomes may be IR, which is triggered by changes in lipid metabolism, altered glucose handling, increased inflammation, and changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota. 55 IR predisposes to a variety of diseases such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, all of which are strongly associated with atherosclerosis and lead to vasoconstriction, inflammation, and thrombosis, which accelerates atherosclerosis. Therefore, adequate screening and early diagnosis for those at risk are critical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Triglyceride Glucose Index-Waist Circumference and Risk of First Myocardial Infarction in Chinese Hypertensive Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: An Observational Cohort Study

Hu¹,

Cai²,

Li³

et al. 2022

NSS

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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between triglyceride glucose index-waist circumference (TyG-WC) and the risk of first myocardial infarction (MI) in Chinese hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Methods This study was an observational cohort study. A total of 2224 Chinese hypertensive patients with OSA without a history of MI were included in this study. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportion hazard models. A generalized additive model was used to identify nonlinear relationships. Additionally, we performed hierarchical analysis and test for interaction. Results During a median follow-up of 7.15 years, 85 incidents of MI developed. Overall, there was a positive association between TyG-WC and the risk of first MI. In the multivariable-adjusted model, the risk of MI increased with quartiles of the TyG-WC, the HR in quartile 4 versus quartile 1 was 4.29. A generalized additive model and a smooth curve fitting showed that there existed a similar J-shaped association between TyG-WC and the risk of first MI, with an inflection point at about 785. Conclusion Elevated levels of the baseline TyG-WC are associated with an increased risk of first MI. This finding indicates that the TyG-WC might be useful to identify the high risk of first MI in Chinese hypertensive patients with OSA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Triglyceride Glucose Index-Waist Circumference and Risk of First Myocardial Infarction in Chinese Hypertensive Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: An Observational Cohort Study

Hu¹,

Cai²,

Li³

et al. 2022

NSS

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“…On the basis of the multivariate regression analysis and percentage of variance explained, donor BMI accounted for about 4.2% of the variability in oxidative hemolysis. Obesity has been associated with compromised antioxidant enzyme activity (eg, cytochrome P450) and vitamin deficiency, 37 which may explain the greater susceptibility of RBCs from donors with high BMIs to oxidative stress. BMI also accounted for about 4.5% of the variability in osmotic hemolysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood donor obesity is associated with changes in red blood cell metabolism and susceptibility to hemolysis in cold storage and in response to osmotic and oxidative stress

et al. 2020

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Background Obesity is a global pandemic characterized by multiple comorbidities, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to define the associations between blood donor body mass index (BMI) and RBC measurements of metabolic stress and hemolysis. Study Design and Methods The associations between donor BMI (<25 kg/m2, normal weight; 25‐29.9 kg/m2, overweight; and ≥30 kg/m2, obese) and hemolysis (storage, osmotic, and oxidative; n = 18 donors) or posttransfusion recovery (n = 14 donors) in immunodeficient mice were determined in stored leukocyte‐reduced RBC units. Further evaluations were conducted using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute RBC‐Omics blood donor databases of hemolysis (n = 13 317) and metabolomics (n = 203). Results Evaluations in 18 donors revealed that BMI was significantly (P < 0.05) and positively associated with storage and osmotic hemolysis. A BMI of 30 kg/m2 or greater was also associated with lower posttransfusion recovery in mice 10 minutes after transfusion (P = 0.026). Multivariable linear regression analyses in RBC‐Omics revealed that BMI was a significant modifier for all hemolysis measurements, explaining 4.5%, 4.2%, and 0.2% of the variance in osmotic, oxidative, and storage hemolysis, respectively. In this cohort, obesity was positively associated (P < 0.001) with plasma ferritin (inflammation marker). Metabolomic analyses on RBCs from obese donors (44.1 ± 5.1 kg/m2) had altered membrane lipid composition, dysregulation of antioxidant pathways (eg, increased oxidized lipids, methionine sulfoxide, and xanthine), and dysregulation of nitric oxide metabolism, as compared to RBCs from nonobese (20.5 ± 1.0 kg/m2) donors. Conclusions Obesity is associated with significant changes in RBC metabolism and increased susceptibility to hemolysis under routine storage of RBC units. The impact on transfusion efficacy warrants further evaluation.

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“…Because there are well-known genetic predispositions to obesity in children, future studies should also incorporate genetic data in their analysis and testing gene-gene interactions. 126,127…”

Section: The Interplay Between the Three Epigenetic Mechanisms And With Other Biological Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives and challenges of epigenetic determinants of childhood obesity: A systematic review

et al. 2021

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The tremendous increase in childhood obesity prevalence over the last few decades cannot merely be explained by genetics and evolutionary changes in the genome, implying that gene-environment interactions, such as epigenetic modifications, likely play a major role. This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence of the association between epigenetics and childhood obesity. A literature search was performed via PubMed and Scopus engines using a combination of terms related to epigenetics and pediatric obesity. Articles studying the association between epigenetic mechanisms (including DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, non-coding RNAs, and chromatin and histones modification) and obesity and/or overweight (or any related anthropometric parameters) in children (0-18 years) were included.The risk of bias was assessed with a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for nonrandomized studies. One hundred twenty-one studies explored epigenetic changes related to childhood obesity. DNA methylation was the most widely investigated mechanism (N = 101 studies), followed by non-coding RNAs (N = 19 studies) with evidence suggestive of an association with childhood obesity for DNA methylation of specific genes and microRNAs (miRNAs). One study, focusing on histones modification, was identified. Heterogeneity of findings may have hindered more insights into the epigenetic changes related to childhood obesity. Gaps and challenges that future research should face are herein described.

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Obesity and Insulin Resistance: Associations with Chronic Inflammation, Genetic and Epigenetic Factors

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Association Between Triglyceride Glucose Index-Waist Circumference and Risk of First Myocardial Infarction in Chinese Hypertensive Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: An Observational Cohort Study

Association Between Triglyceride Glucose Index-Waist Circumference and Risk of First Myocardial Infarction in Chinese Hypertensive Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: An Observational Cohort Study

Blood donor obesity is associated with changes in red blood cell metabolism and susceptibility to hemolysis in cold storage and in response to osmotic and oxidative stress

Perspectives and challenges of epigenetic determinants of childhood obesity: A systematic review

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