Obesity and Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies

Gołąbek, Tomasz; Bukowczan, Jakub; Chłosta, Piotr; Powroźnik, J.; Dobruch, Jakub; Borówka, Andrzej

doi:10.1159/000351325

Cited by 48 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(193 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There was again an inverse association between lung cancer risk and BMI in men and women (161). While obesity is consistently associated with a greater risk of prostate cancer mortality (30), some studies have reported a decreased incidence of prostate cancer in obese men (66). Overall, it appears that obesity may decrease the risk of localized prostate cancer and increase the risk of more aggressive disease (43).…”

Section: A Obesity and Cancermentioning

confidence: 95%

Obesity and Diabetes: The Increased Risk of Cancer and Cancer-Related Mortality

Gallagher

2015

Physiological Reviews

655

434

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, and both are associated with an increased incidence and mortality from many cancers. The metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes develop many years before the onset of diabetes and, therefore, may be contributing to cancer risk before individuals are aware that they are at risk. Multiple factors potentially contribute to the progression of cancer in obesity and type 2 diabetes, including hyperinsulinemia and insulin-like growth factor I, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, adipokines and cytokines, and the gut microbiome. These metabolic changes may contribute directly or indirectly to cancer progression. Intentional weight loss may protect against cancer development, and therapies for diabetes may prove to be effective adjuvant agents in reducing cancer progression. In this review we discuss the current epidemiology, basic science, and clinical data that link obesity, diabetes, and cancer and how treating obesity and type 2 diabetes could also reduce cancer risk and improve outcomes.

show abstract

Section: A Obesity and Cancermentioning

confidence: 95%

Obesity and Diabetes: The Increased Risk of Cancer and Cancer-Related Mortality

Gallagher

2015

Physiological Reviews

655

434

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The WCRF has estimated that 11% of incident advanced prostate cancer cases in the United States can be attributed to excess adiposity (World Cancer Research Fund 2009, 2014b, Golabek et al 2014, Hu et al 2014. There are few known risk factors for prostate cancer.…”

Section: Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Body fatness as a cause of cancer: epidemiologic clues to biologic mechanisms

Byers¹,

Sedjo²

2015

Endocrine-Related Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carrying excess body fat is a leading cause of cancer. Epidemiologic evidence gives strong clues about the mechanisms that link excess adiposity to risk for several cancer sites. For postmenopausal breast cancer and endometrial cancer, the hyper-estrogenic state that is induced by excess body fatness is the likely cause. For esophageal cancer and gallbladder cancer, chronic local inflammation induced by acid reflux and gallstones is the likely cause, and for liver cancer, local inflammation induced by hepatic fatty infiltration is the likely cause. However, for several other cancers known to be associated with excess adiposity, including cancers of the colon, pancreas, ovary, kidney, and prostate, specific causes are not known. Possible candidates include elevated systemic or local tissue inflammation induced by adiposity and effects of the elevated levels of leptin, insulin, IGFs, and depressed immune function that are seen with excess adiposity. There is growing evidence that intentional weight loss not only reduces circulating levels of cancer-associated factors but that it also reduces cancer incidence and recurrence. Better research is needed to understand the mechanisms that link excess body fat to cancer risk as well as to understand the amount of weight loss needed for substantial cancer risk reduction. Finally, as we develop better understanding of the mediators of the effects of excess body fatness on cancer risk, we should identify pharmacologic interventions that target those mediators so that they can be used to complement weight loss in order to reduce cancer risk.

show abstract

“…They have also considered MRI before or during prostate biopsy [3,4]. Many studies have been conducted to identify risk factors for prostate cancer detection at biopsy, such as severity of obesity, history of diabetes mellitus (DM), genetic features, physical activity, and dietary factors [5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low testosterone level is an independent risk factor for high‐grade prostate cancer detection at biopsy

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between low testosterone levels and prostate cancer detection risk in a biopsy population. Patients and MethodsIn all, 681 men who underwent initial 12-core transrectal prostate biopsy at our institution were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into groups with low (<300 ng/dL) and normal testosterone levels (≥300 ng/ dL). Clinical and pathological data were analysed. ResultsAmong 681 men, 86 men (12.6%) had low testosterone levels, 143 (32.7%) had a positive biopsy, and 99 (14.5%) had highgrade prostate cancer. The mean age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, PSA density, body mass index (BMI), number of abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) findings, and diabetes mellitus (DM) history were significantly different between the low and normal level testosterone groups. A low testosterone level was significantly associated with a higher risk of detection of overall prostate cancer than a normal testosterone level in univariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] 2.545, P = 0.001), but not in multivariate analysis adjusting for parameters such as age, PSA, prostate volume, BMI, abnormal DRE findings and DM (OR 1.583, P = 0.277). Meanwhile, a low testosterone level was significantly related to a higher rate of high-grade prostate cancer compared with a normal testosterone level in univariate (OR 3.324, P < 0.001) and multivariate analysis adjusting for other parameters (OR 2.138, P = 0.035). ConclusionLow testosterone level is an independent risk factor for highgrade prostate cancer detection at biopsy. Therefore, checking testosterone levels could help to determine whether prostate biopsy should be carried out.

show abstract

Obesity and Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies

Cited by 48 publications

References 56 publications

Obesity and Diabetes: The Increased Risk of Cancer and Cancer-Related Mortality

Obesity and Diabetes: The Increased Risk of Cancer and Cancer-Related Mortality

Body fatness as a cause of cancer: epidemiologic clues to biologic mechanisms

Low testosterone level is an independent risk factor for high‐grade prostate cancer detection at biopsy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About