Obesity and Sarcopenia after Menopause Are Reversed by Sex Hormone Replacement Therapy

Sørensen, M.K.; Rosenfalck, A.; Højgaard, Liselotte; Ottesen, Bent

doi:10.1038/oby.2001.81

Cited by 181 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Post-menopausal estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) was often recommended for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (Glazier & Bowman 2001) as well as for maintaining muscle strength and mass (Phillips et al 1993, Sorensen et al 2001. However, ERT is associated with potential side effects on reproductive tissues, such as breast cancer and refused as being unnatural by women (Glazier & Bowman 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of daidzein, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor or estrogen on gastrocnemius muscle of osteoporotic rats undergoing tibia healing period

Komrakova¹,

Werner²,

Wicke³

et al. 2009

Journal of Endocrinology

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The effect of daidzein (D), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) or estradiol-17b-benzoate (E 2 ) on muscle of osteoporotic rats during fracture healing was studied. After performing a metaphyseal tibia osteotomy in 96 osteoporotic 5-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats, they received daily 50 mg D, 200 mg 4-MBC or 0 . 4 mg E 2 per kg body weight, or soy free (SF) diet up to 36 and 72 days. Mitochondrial activity, fiber area, and capillary density were analyzed in M. gastrocnemius. Osseous callus bridging of fracture was observed in half of the rats after 36 days. By day 72, fracture was healed in most of the animals. State 3 mitochondrial respiration significantly enhanced in E 2 , 4-MBC and D groups versus SF after 36 days (30, 32 and 32 vs 23 pmol O 2 /s per mg). It declined after 72 days, however, in E 2 group it was still at a higher level versus SF (25, 23 and 21 vs 20 pmol O 2 /s per mg). Size of fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and fast glycolytic (FG) fibers, capillary density did not differ significantly between the groups, however, at day 36 an increase in D and 4-MBC groups was detectable. FOG diameter was 64, 66, 68, and 58 mm and FG diameter was 88, 98, 95, and 89 mm in SF, D, 4-MBC, and E 2 groups. The ratio of capillaries to muscle fiber was 1 . 1, 1 . 4, 1 . 3, and 1 . 1 in SF, D, 4-MBC and E 2 groups by day 36. D and 4-MBC react similar to estrogen thereby improving oxidative cell metabolism in severe osteoporotic rats. The level of mitochondrial activity was higher, though no significant morphological differences could be shown.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of daidzein, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor or estrogen on gastrocnemius muscle of osteoporotic rats undergoing tibia healing period

Komrakova¹,

Werner²,

Wicke³

et al. 2009

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Several studies indicate that estrogen therapy may attenuate the accumulation of central fat in postmenopausal women (17)(18)(19)(20). In the PEPI trial (21), less weight gain or increase in waist and hip circumferences were registered in women who received ECP therapy compared with placebo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone therapy protects from diabetes: the Kuopio osteoporosis risk factor and prevention study

Pentti

Tuppurainen

Honkanen

et al. 2009

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objectives: The purpose of this population-based prospective cohort study was to examine the effect of hormone therapy (HT) on incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Design and methods: Eight thousand four hundred and eighty-three DM-free post-menopausal women aged 52-62 from the population-based Kuopio osteoporosis risk factor and prevention study were followed for 5 years from 1994-1999. Information about the use of HT and health events was obtained from three repeated questionnaires in 1989, 1994, and 1999. DM morbidity before and during the follow-up was obtained from the Registry of Specially Refunded Drugs of the Finnish Social Insurance Institution. Kaplan-Meyer survival curves and Cox's proportional-hazards models were used to estimate the risk of incident DM in relation to the use of HT. Results: During the follow-up, 40.8% DM-free post-menopausal women had never used HT, 27.3% women were HT past users and 31.9% women had used HT presently during the follow-up. During the follow-up, 162 incident DM cases were recorded. Compared with never users of HT, the adjusted hazard ratio of DM was 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57-1.16) for only past users, 0.53 (95% CI 0.24-1.15) in part-time (during the follow-up !2.5 years) users and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16-0.60) in continuous (during the follow-up 2.5-5.0 years) users of HT. Conclusions: HT use decreases the incidence of DM in post-menopausal women.European Journal of Endocrinology 160 979-983

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“…It is widely perceived that HRT causes weight gain [21,22], although data from clinical trials examining weight gain is inconclusive, in some studies showing an increase in overall body weight [15,[23][24][25] and others showing no significant effect [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. It is possible that differences in measures of weight gain, physical activity of responders, HRT regimens (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the use of micronized progesterone), may account for the differences observed in these trials. Some studies indicate that HRT may have positive effects on body fat distribution [25,[28][29][30][31][32], for example, data from the Post-menopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) trial showed that HRT may reduce central adiposity [32], although the current evidence is inconclusive [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in hormone replacement therapy with drospirenone, a unique progestogen with aldosterone receptor antagonism

2006

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Unlike other currently available progestogens, drospirenone (DRSP) has a pharmacological profile, which closely mimics that of endogenous progesterone, most notably potent anti-aldosterone and anti-androgenic effects. Consequently, DRSP, when combined with 17β-estradiol (E2) as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), offsets E2-related water and sodium retention by blocking the mineralocorticoid receptor. This review evaluates the potential benefits offered by DRSP as the progestin component of HRT with respect to its anti-aldosterone activity, which translates into positive effects on body weight and blood pressure in clinical trials of continuous, combined E2/DRSP in post-menopausal women. In a 1 -year, large-scale, randomised, controlled trial, E2 1 mg/DRSP 2 mg significantly decreased mean body weight by 1.2 kg versus baseline (P < 0.001), whereas patients receiving E2 1 mg gained weight. E2 1 mg/DRSP 2 mg also significantly lowered mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 9.0 mmHg from baseline (P < 0.05) versus 3.7 mmHg in the E2 1 mg group (P = 0.220) in a sub-group of hypertensive women. In addition, E2/DRSP was not associated with hyperkalemia (potassium ≥ 5.5 meq/L) irrespective of concomitant use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and co-morbid diabetes mellitus. In summary, as well as effectively treating climacteric symptoms, DRSP 2 mg combined with E2 1 mg has shown positive effects on body weight and blood pressure in clinical trials, most likely due to DRSP's anti-aldosterone properties. This combination may therefore offer an alternative therapeutic option with additional benefits beyond current HRT agents for symptomatic postmenopausal women.

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Obesity and Sarcopenia after Menopause Are Reversed by Sex Hormone Replacement Therapy

Cited by 181 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of daidzein, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor or estrogen on gastrocnemius muscle of osteoporotic rats undergoing tibia healing period

Effect of daidzein, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor or estrogen on gastrocnemius muscle of osteoporotic rats undergoing tibia healing period

Hormone therapy protects from diabetes: the Kuopio osteoporosis risk factor and prevention study

Advances in hormone replacement therapy with drospirenone, a unique progestogen with aldosterone receptor antagonism

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