Obesity and Weight Regulation

Abstract

We have been very happy to get 1,669 papers out of our established search strategy in PubMed which have been saved in our 2012 Yearbook EndNote database. We then selected 25 papers which in our mind have been the most exciting ones. The highlights in this year's chapter are papers about longitudinal studies of body weight changes in children and new insights into the long-term risk of childhood obesity, reports about a larger group of patients with congenital leptin deficiency in Pakistan, several papers on remodeling of white adipose tissue and the biology of brown adipose tissue, and two exciting clinical studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine: Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptions to weight loss, and Neighborhoods, obesity, and diabetes -a randomized social experiment. Thus, this Yearbook chapter on obesity and weight regulation covers again a broad research area ranging from genetics and epigenetics to human social environment. Recent development in childhood obesity prevalence ratesEvidence that the prevalence of childhood overweight is plateauing: data from nine countries Olds T, Maher C, Zumin S, Péneau S, Lioret S, Castetbon K, Bellisle, De Wilde J, Hohepa M, Maddison R, Lissner L, Sjöberg A, Zimmermann M, Aeberli I, Ogden C, Flegal K, Summerbell C Health and Use of Time Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia carol.maher@unisa.edu.au Int J Pediatr Obes 2011;6:342-349 Background: Especially in developed countries, pediatric obesity has been described as the primary health problem in children. In the past 15 years increasing prevalence rates for overweight and obesity in children were reported in several states of the Western world as well as in developing countries. However, during the last few years several countries reported a slowing in the rise of childhood obesity, stagnation, or even a decline. This study assembles evidence from nine countries (Australia, China, England, France, Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, and USA). Methods: Via literature autoalerts and personal contacts, authors who had recently published or presented plateauing data on childhood obesity were identified and asked to contribute to this paper. Other publications on prevalence data regarding childhood obesity have not been included. For crosscountry comparison, data from all countries were compiled using the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs. With linear regression the yearly rate of change in the prevalence rates was calculated. Results: With the exception of the French INCA1 study (n = 1,017 self-reported data), objectively measured weight and height data from 466,277 children aged 2-19 years could be analyzed. Between 1995 and 2008 a mean (SD) change of +0.00 (0.49)% in overweight and obesity prevalence rates across all age and sex groups and all countries could be calculated per year. Classified in overweight alone and obesity alone, the change was +0.01 (0.56)% and -0.01 (0.24)%, respectively. The authors could find differences in the rates of c...

Childhood Adiposity, Adult Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

“…Именно эти данные позволили усилить доказательную базу в мотивации детей и подростков на снижение веса в детском возрасте, так как параллельно этому доказано снижаются метаболический и кардиоваскулярный риски. Также проводятся многочисленные исследования в сравнительном аспекте наиболее эффективных схем диетотерапии и образа жизни, направленных на снижение и поддержание целевой массы тела, что имеет высокое практическое значение [6,7]. Характеристика ожирения и ассоциированных с ним метаболических рисков являлась следующей научной темой Государственного задания НИЛ детской эндокринологии в период с 2011 по 2014 годы.…”