Obesity correlated to a higher risk of acquiring periodontitis: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between obesity and periodontitis, among other risk factors for periodontitis. Methods: In total, 262 Indonesian male and female subjects were analysed for body mass index (BMI), oral hygiene, plaque index, and clinically evaluated periodontitis. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman tests and Pearson chi-square tests to estimate the correlation between BMI and periodontitis. Multivariate binary logistic analysis was conducted between covariate and periodontitis. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of obesity was 48.47%. There were positive correlations between BMI and periodontal status for healthy-mild periodontitis, moderate, and severe periodontitis respectively. BMI and periodontitis crude odds ratio (OR) = 2.31 (95% CI 1.41-3.78); p < 0.05, adjusted OR of BMI among other variables, was 1.88 (95%CI 1.05-3.37); p < 0.05. Exploration of the ROC curve found a BMI cut off point of 24.785 kg/m2. Conclusion: Obesity by BMI measurement of ≥ 25kg/m2 correlated to a higher risk of acquiring periodontitis compared to normal-weight individuals.

Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease in Adults? A Systematic Review

“…A few studies reported other periodontal parameters such as gingival inflammation [36,37], BOP [42], and tooth loss [41,[46][47][48]. Tooth loss showed no association with increased BMI in a study [41].…”

“…This review included 15 observational studies from Brazil, Iran, Jordan, Egypt, India, and Turkey (Table 1). Among these, there were nine cross-sectional studies [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42], two casecontrol [43,44], and four cohort studies [45][46][47][48]. The total study subjects from these studies were 6603 (males = 3432; females = 3171).…”

“…The total study subjects from these studies were 6603 (males = 3432; females = 3171). Most studies showed a significant association between obesity and periodontitis [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Among these studies, a few showed obese females to be at a higher risk [35,37,45], and one study found no association between obesity and periodontal disease [44].…”

“…Periodontitis was defined using CAL alone in three studies [35,45,48]. The remaining studies used CAL and PPD for the same [34,36,38,[40][41][42][43][44]46]. In two studies, CAL was combined with CPI [31] and BOP [41].…”

“…The remaining studies used CAL and PPD for the same [34,36,38,[40][41][42][43][44]46]. In two studies, CAL was combined with CPI [31] and BOP [41]. The latest classification of periodontitis [49] was used in one study [48].…”