Obesity, diabetes and cognitive deficit: The Framingham Heart Study

Elias, Merrill F.; Elias, Penelope K.; Sullivan, Lisa M.; Wolf, Philip A.; D’Agostino, Ralph B.

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.08.019

Cited by 335 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Obesity as such has also been related to cognitive impairment [14]. Therefore, it is very important to examine the risk factors which are common in the development of both weight gain and poor psychological well-being in workers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common risk factors for changes in body weight and psychological well-being in Japanese male middle-aged workers

Sagara

Hitomi

Kambayashi

et al. 2009

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives Overweight and poor psychological wellbeing are becoming serious health issues in the Japanese workplace. Concurrence of those physical and mental conditions has been pointed out, especially in middle-aged workers. Therefore, we tried to determine common risk factors for body weight gain and the deterioration of psychological well-being in male middle-aged office workers using a five-year follow-up study. Methods We administered General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) as an indicator of psychological well-being to 110 male workers with ages ranging from 40-59 years, and analyzed the influence of several psychological factors, namely sense of coherence (SOC), health locus of control (HLC), and lifestyle variables such as exercise frequency, alcohol intake, smoking status, and dietary intake on changes of body mass index and GHQ-12 score. ResultsMcNemar's chi-squared test showed significant concurrence of weight gain and deterioration of psychological well-being after five-year follow-up. Low-SOC score, low frequency of exercise, and high-dietary intake at supper were significantly associated with both weight gain and poorer psychological well-being in workers, results which were supported by multiple regression analysis. Conclusions These results suggest that exercise and calorie restriction seem to prevent weight gain and promote psychological well-being in workers. Low SOC, which implies difficulty in coping with stress, may be an important risk factor not only for deterioration of psychological well-being but also for becoming overweight. These assumptions must be confirmed by conducting future intervention studies on SOC and lifestyle including exercise and eating behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common risk factors for changes in body weight and psychological well-being in Japanese male middle-aged workers

Sagara

Hitomi

Kambayashi

et al. 2009

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…The elderly population is particularly vulnerable-40% of men and 45% of women over age 70 suffer from either obesity or type 2 diabetes (3). In addition to increasing one's risk for poor cardiovascular health, obesity is a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

A commonly carried allele of the obesity-relatedFTOgene is associated with reduced brain volume in the healthy elderly

Stein

Hou

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

231

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A recently identified variant within the fat mass and obesity-associated ( FTO ) gene is carried by 46% of Western Europeans and is associated with an ~1.2 kg higher weight, on average, in adults and an ~1 cm greater waist circumference. With >1 billion overweight and 300 million obese persons worldwide, it is crucial to understand the implications of carrying this very common allele for the health of our aging population. FTO is highly expressed in the brain and elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with brain atrophy, but it is unknown how the obesity-associated risk allele affects human brain structure. We therefore generated 3D maps of regional brain volume differences in 206 healthy elderly subjects scanned with MRI and genotyped as part of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We found a pattern of systematic brain volume deficits in carriers of the obesity-associated risk allele versus noncarriers. Relative to structure volumes in the mean template, FTO risk allele carriers versus noncarriers had an average brain volume difference of ~8% in the frontal lobes and 12% in the occipital lobes—these regions also showed significant volume deficits in subjects with higher BMI. These brain differences were not attributable to differences in cholesterol levels, hypertension, or the volume of white matter hyperintensities; which were not detectably higher in FTO risk allele carriers versus noncarriers. These brain maps reveal that a commonly carried susceptibility allele for obesity is associated with structural brain atrophy, with implications for the health of the elderly.

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“…The elderly population has not been spared -40% of men and 45% of women over age 70 are burdened either with obesity or DM2 [Ceska, 2007], increasing their risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke [Mankovsky and Ziegler, 2004]. Obesity is also a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) [Elias et al, 2005;Wolf et al, 2007]. This added risk may be mediated by DM2, which is associated with a higher probability of having AD [Irie et al, 2008;Leibson et al, 1997].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%