Obesity: epidemiology and clinical aspects

Formiguera, Xavier; Cantón, Ana

doi:10.1016/s1521-6918(04)00091-5

Cited by 179 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…Currently, at the beginning of the 21st Century, obesity has become the leading metabolic disease in the world (1). It is a prevalent health hazard in industrialized countries and is closely associated with coronary heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, respiratory complications, and osteoarthritis (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids on the Inhibition of Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Hsu

Yen

2007

J. Agric. Food Chem.

222

174

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Obesity has become a global epidemic in both developed and developing countries, and it is a significant risk factor for various diseases such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and hypertension. In the present study, the effect of naturally occurring antioxidants (flavonoids and phenolic acids) on the inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated. The results showed that o-coumaric acid and rutin had the highest inhibition on intracellular triglyceride (61.3 and 83.0%, respectively) among 15 phenolic acids and 6 flavonoids tested. However, the oil red o stained material (OROSM) showed that cell number in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was not influenced by those compounds. For glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, the data indicated that o-coumaric acid and rutin had the highest inhibition on GPDH activity (54.2 and 66.8%, respectively) among the compounds tested. o-Coumaric acid and rutin also inhibited the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPR and leptin and then up-regulated expression of adiponectin at the protein level. Some naturally occurring antioxidants efficiently suppressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results suggest that o-coumaric acid and rutin targeted for adipocyte functions could be effective in improving the symptoms of metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids on the Inhibition of Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Hsu

Yen

2007

J. Agric. Food Chem.

222

174

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Also there are evidences to suggest that an increased body fat mass decreases postural stability and increases the odds of falling, particularly when combined with low muscle mass. Owusu et al 9 reported that hip and wrist fractures among 43 053 men aged 40-75 years was increased depending on waist circumference and waist-tohip ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing weight increases postural stability in obese and morbid obese men

et al. 2006

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Objective: To investigate the effect of weight loss on balance control in obese and morbid obese men. Methods: In a longitudinal and clinical intervention study, postural stability was measured with a force platform before and after weight loss in men. Weight loss was obtained in obese men (mean body mass index (BMI) ¼ 33.0 kg/m 2 ) by hypocaloric diet until resistance and in morbid obese men (mean BMI ¼ 50.5 kg/m 2 ) by bariatric surgery. Morbid obese men were tested before surgery, and 3 and 12 months after surgery when they had lost 20 and nearly 50% of initial body weight, respectively. Normal weight individuals (mean BMI ¼ 22.7 kg/m 2 ) were tested twice within a 6-to 12-month period to serve as control. Body fatness and fat distribution measures, and posturographic parameters of the center of foot pressure (CP) along the antero-posterior and medio-lateral axes for conditions with and without vision were performed in all subjects. Results: Weight loss averaged 12.3 kg after dieting and 71.3 kg after surgery. Body weight remained unchanged in the control group. After weight loss, nearly all measures of postural stability were improved with and without vision (i.e., CP speed and range in antero-posterior and medio-lateral axes). A strong linear relationship was observed between weight loss and improvement in balance control measured from CP speed (adjusted R 2 ¼ 0.65, Po0.001). Conclusion: Weight loss improves balance control in obese men and the extent of the improvement is directly related to the amount of weight loss. This should decrease the habitual greater risk of falling observed in obese individuals.

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“…BMI is the most commonly used indicator for establishing overweight and obesity, based on the interpretation of the proportion of body mass and height (17) . In the case of children and adolescents it is assumed that overweight corresponds to those with a BMI greater than the 85th percentile, and those obese are above the 95th percentile (18) . Recently, the International Obesity Task Force recommended cut-off points suitable for age and sex, the value of which corresponds to a threshold BMI value at the age of 18 years: 25·0 kg/m 2 for overweight and 30·0 kg/m 2 for obese (18,19) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex differences in prevalence of overweight and obesity, and in extent of overweight index, in children and adolescents (3–18 years) from Kraków, Poland in 1983, 2000 and 2010

Kowal

Woronkowicz

Kryst

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among children is now an important health problem. This fact, however, does not reflect the scale of the problem. The aim of the present study was to find how much the BMI threshold was exceeded in a population from Kraków. Design: The study was based on three cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1983, 2000 and 2010. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated based on the International Obesity Task Force cut-off points. In addition to these, an extent of overweight (EOW) index was calculated. Setting: Poland. Subjects: Children aged 3-18 years (n 14 534) from Kraków. Results: Between the populations examined in 1983 and 2010, the EOW index in boys rose by almost 10 %, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity by 39 %. In girls, however, the EOW index decreased by 45 %, while the prevalence of overweight and obesity remained at similar levels. Analyses in separate age groups showed that the EOW index increased only among early adolescents (150 % for boys, 94 % for girls) and late adolescents (390 % and 64 %, respectively). Conclusions: The observed increased prevalence of overweight and obesity mainly concerned boys and was accompanied by an increase in the amount by which the BMI threshold values were exceeded. Keywords BMI Extent of overweight Obesity Economic transformationIn the 1960s, Western nations, especially the USA (1,2) and Western Europe (3) , saw a dramatic increase in the frequency of overweight and obesity. In 1998, the WHO (4) declared obesity a major public health epidemic, both in developed and developing countries, and estimated that by 2025 obesity would concern more than half the adult population in the USA, UK and Australia (4) . A similar trend was found among children and adolescents (5,6) . In the period 1963-1991 in the USA the prevalence of overweight among 6-11-year-old children increased from 15 % to 22·5 %, while the frequency of obesity rose from 5 % to 11 %. In the UK in the period 1989-1998 the prevalence of overweight among children under 4 years of age increased from 14·7 % to 23·6 %, and obesity from 5·4 % to 9·2 %. Between the years 1975 and 1995 in Germany, the frequency of overweight among boys (7-14 years of age) increased from 10·0 % to 16·3 %, and among girls from 11·7 % to 20·7 % (7) . However, relatively recent reports from

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Obesity: epidemiology and clinical aspects

Cited by 179 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids on the Inhibition of Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Effects of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids on the Inhibition of Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Reducing weight increases postural stability in obese and morbid obese men

Sex differences in prevalence of overweight and obesity, and in extent of overweight index, in children and adolescents (3–18 years) from Kraków, Poland in 1983, 2000 and 2010

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