Obesity, Fat Distribution, and Weight Gain as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in Men

Chan, June M.; Rimm, Eric B.; Colditz, Graham A.; Stampfer, Meir J.; Willett, Walter C.

doi:10.2337/diacare.17.9.961

Cited by 1,555 publications

(1,060 citation statements)

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“…Development of type 2 diabetes is closely associated with obesity and abdominal obesity is the best obesity-related predictor of type 2 diabetes (5). Anthropometric measures are useful in clinical practice since they are both non-invasive and cheap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal obesity and low-grade systemic inflammation as markers of subclinical organ damage in type 2 diabetes

Dahlén

Tengblad

Länne

et al. 2014

Diabetes & Metabolism

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SummaryAim:The aim of this study was to explore associations between abdominal obesity, inflammatory markers, and subclinical organ damage in 740 patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods:Waist circumference (WC) and sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) was measured. Blood samples were analyzed for; C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was evaluated by ultrasonography. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured with applanation tonometry. Results:Abdominal obesity measured as SAD and WC were significantly correlated with; IL-6 (WC r=0.27, p<0.001, SAD r=031, p<0.001 ), CRP (WC r=0,29, p <0.001, SAD r=0,29, p <0.001), IMT (WC r=0.09 p=0.013, SAD r=0.11, p=0.003) and PWV (WC r=0.18, p<0.001, SAD r=0.21, p <0.001). In multiple linear regressions with IMT or PWV as dependent variable and age, sex, statins, systolic blood pressure (SBP), Body Mass Index (BMI), CRP and HbA1c, as independent variables, both SAD and WC, remained associated with IMT and PWV. In stepwise linear regression, entering both SAD and WC, the association between SAD and PWV was stronger than the association between WC and PWV. Conclusion:We conclude that SAD and WC are feasible measures of obesity that provides information on inflammation, atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes. However, SAD was slightly more robustly associated to subclinical organ damage, compared with WC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal obesity and low-grade systemic inflammation as markers of subclinical organ damage in type 2 diabetes

Dahlén

Tengblad

Länne

et al. 2014

Diabetes & Metabolism

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“…20,21 By applying our approach to BMI, a continuous variable, and T2D, a binary variable, on a genome-wide scale, we hope to better understand their common genetic basis. In our analyses, both traits are adjusted for age and sex.…”

Section: Framingham Heart Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint association analysis of a binary and a quantitative trait in family samples

2016

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In recent years, improved genotyping and sequencing technologies have enabled the discovery of new loci associated with various diseases or traits. For instance, by testing the association with each single-nucleotide variant (SNV) separately, genomewide association studies (GWAS) have achieved tremendous success in identifying SNVs associated with specific traits. However, little is known about the common genetic basis of multiple traits owing to lack of efficient methods. With the use of extended quasi-likelihood, a Wald test has been proposed to perform a bivariate analysis of a continuous and a binary trait in unrelated samples. However, owing to its low computational efficiency, it has not been implemented in real applications to large-scale genetic studies. In this paper, we propose an efficient bivariate robust score test for two traits, one continuous and one binary, based on extended generalized estimating equations. Our approach is applicable to both family-based and unrelated study designs and can be extended to test the association of multiple traits. Our simulation studies demonstrate the type-I error rate of our approach is well controlled in all minor allele frequency (MAF) scenarios, with MAF ranging from 1 to 30%, and the method is more powerful in certain MAF scenarios than univariate testing with correction for multiple testing. Because of the computational advantage of score tests, our approach is readily applicable to GWAS or sequencing studies. Finally, we present a real application to uncover genetic variants associated with body mass index and type-2 diabetes in the Framingham Heart Study. European Journal of Human Genetics (2017) 25, 130-136; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2016; published online 26 October 2016 INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, univariate association test has been implemented as the predominant statistical method in genetic epidemiology and has yielded fruitful results in many applications. For example, univariate association tests have led to tremendous success in the discovery of disease susceptibility loci when applied to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for various diseases. However, for the genetic association testing of multiple and often correlated traits, univariate association testing combined with multiple testing correction has usually been implemented owing to the ease of computation. Other variations include MultiPhen 1 and Yang's combination of univariate association tests. 2 However, none of these approaches are as powerful or efficient as a joint multivariate test with each trait treated as a dependent variable in discovering genetic loci associated with all traits under study. 1,3,4 For example, in the case of two continuous traits assumed to be normally distributed, a joint test can be derived as a simple extension of a univariate normal test. However, if one of the two traits is a discrete trait, for example, a binary trait, deriving such a test becomes challenging, and it further complicates in family samples. One reason is that there is no exact closed form of the...

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“…A large part of this association can be attributed to the association between obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors, including systemic hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obstructive sleep apnea, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. [76][77][78][79] Dyslipidaemia, or more specifically the elevated LDL cholesterol form, is a direct contributor to the most distinct physical feature of atherosclerosis -the fatty plaque. In contrast, the protective influence of HDL cholesterol is mediated primarily via reverse cholesterol transport (or cholesterol efflux), and also via anti-inflammatory pathways.…”

Section: Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial dysfunction and arterial abnormalities in childhood obesity

Skilton

Celermajer

2006

Int J Obes

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Obesity, Fat Distribution, and Weight Gain as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in Men

Cited by 1,555 publications

References 0 publications

Abdominal obesity and low-grade systemic inflammation as markers of subclinical organ damage in type 2 diabetes

Abdominal obesity and low-grade systemic inflammation as markers of subclinical organ damage in type 2 diabetes

Joint association analysis of a binary and a quantitative trait in family samples

Endothelial dysfunction and arterial abnormalities in childhood obesity

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