Obesity, hypertension, social determinants of health and the epidemiologic transition among traditional Amazonian populations

Abstract

In these populations, the SDH play a key role in the ontogeny of diseases and the 'diseases of modernity' occur simultaneously with the always present infectoparasitic pathologies, substantially increasing social vulnerability.

Urbanization and market integration have strong, nonlinear effects on cardiometabolic health in the Turkana

“…By sampling a relatively endogamous population across a substantial lifestyle gradient, we show that (i) traditional, pastoralist Turkana exhibit low levels of cardiometabolic disease and (ii) increasing industrialization, in both early life and adulthood, has detrimental, additive effects on metabolic health (in opposition of popular PAR models that have rarely been tested empirically in humans) ( 20 , 22 , 24 ). Our findings offer strong support for the evolutionary mismatch hypothesis, more so than existing studies that cannot disentangle lifestyle and genetic background effects ( 6 – 12 , 44 , 45 , 46 ) or that assess lifestyle effects across much more modest gradients ( 10 , 17 , 21 , 47 , 48 ). Our work also provides some of the first multidimensional, large-scale data on acculturation and industrialization effects on cardiometabolic health in pastoralists [see also ( 34 , 49 , 50 )], which have received less attention than other subsistence modes [e.g., horticulturalists such as the Shuar and Tsimane ( 10 , 15 , 51 , 52 )].…”

Condições socioecológicas familiares nos primeiros dois anos de vida de crianças quilombolas no Pará: um estudo de base populacional

“…As informações foram coletadas em várias etapas de campo entre 2008 e 2015, em projetos contínuos -"Determinantes Socioecológicos e Biológicos da Obesidade, Diabetes e Hipertensão Arterial em Populações Afrodescendentes da Amazônia: buscando respostas concretas para a ontogenia de doenças complexas" e Projeto "Corpo Presente: representações entre quilombolas e políticas públicas", com o objetivo de investigar os efeitos dos diferentes meio ambientes, estilos de vida, mudanças socioecológicas e aspectos biomédicos relacionados à emergência de doenças agudas e crônicas entre grupos remanescentes de quilombos vivendo em diversos ecossistemas da região Amazônica 19,[23][24][25][26][27][28] .…”

“…Em anos recentes verifica-se uma nova tendência no cenário epidemiológico brasileiro em que há um declínio de crianças com baixo P/I e aumento de casos de excesso de peso entre os menores de cinco anos de idade. O aumento da prevalência da obesidade em regiões e/ou grupos sociais submetidos à situação de insegurança alimentar e nutricional tem sido objeto de diversos estudos, mostrando que determinados fatores biossociais e econômicos estão predominantemente associados à sua etiologia [17][18][19] .…”

Human Biology of the Amazon

“…They are grouped by general subject such as growth and diet, health and disease and climate change. Some are review papers (Brond ızio et al, 2016;Dorea & Marques, 2016;Dufour et al, 2016) while others are research articles Ferreira et al, 2016;Marques et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2016;Urlacher et al, 2016;Vallinoto et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016). The papers present perspectives about ecology, public policy and traditional populations and also discuss theoretical issues such as adaptation, impacts of modernisation/westernisation on vulnerable populations and aspects of life history and health of different groups.…”

“…Based on their findings, the authors advocate for the importance of prolonged breastfeeding among rural populations, even those that are heavily reliant on fish as a staple source of protein, as well as further work on the topic. Silva et al (2016) present measures of adult health and nutritional status for three non-indigenous groups living in the rural Brazilian Amazon. The groups inhabit different Amazonian ecosystems and have different degrees of access to infrastructure, healthcare and government subsidies, but in general share similar socioeconomic conditions.…”