Obesity in breast cancer – What is the risk factor?

James, Fiona; Wootton, Stephen A.; Jackson, Alan A.; Wiseman, Martin; Copson, Ellen; Cutress, Ramsey I.

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2015.01.057

Cited by 113 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Under normal conditions, p53 levels are low and they help maintain cell metabolic balance. High body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer and with poorer outcome in those with a history of breast cancer (47). Moreover, obesity is a factor that has been associated with both increased risk and poor breast cancer prognosis due to possible local adipose inflammation and increased levels of inflammatory and protumorigenic factors (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

p53: Protection against Tumor Growth beyond Effects on Cell Cycle and Apoptosis

2015

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The tumor suppressor p53 has established functions in cancer. Specifically, it has been shown to cause cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. It is also one of the most commonly mutated or silenced genes in cancer and for this reason has been extensively studied. Recently, the role of p53 has been shown to go beyond its effects on cell cycle and apoptosis, with effects on metabolism emerging as a key contributor to cancer growth in situations where p53 is lost. Beyond this, the role of p53 in the tumor microenvironment is poorly understood. The publication by Wang and colleagues demonstrates for the first time that p53 is a key negative regulator of aromatase and, hence, estrogen production in the breast tumor microenvironment. It goes further by demonstrating that an important regulator of aromatase, the obesity-associated and tumor-derived factor prostaglandin E 2 , inhibits p53 in the breast adipose stroma. This review presents these findings in the context of established and emerging roles of p53 and discusses possible implications for the treatment of breast cancer. Cancer Res; 75(23); 5001-7. Ó2015 AACR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

p53: Protection against Tumor Growth beyond Effects on Cell Cycle and Apoptosis

2015

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“…James et al (2015) reported that a higher fat content in the body is a major risk factor for post-menopausal breast cancer. In contrast, it is generally accepted that a higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower risk of developing breast cancer in premenopausal women; however, the molecular mechanism of this association remains poorly understood (Cowan et al, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione S-transferase P1 rs1695 A>G polymorphism and breast cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis

Kuang

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Breast cancer (BC) is the most widespread cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Many published studies have assessed the association between the glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) rs1695 polymorphism and BC risk. However, the effect of the GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism on BC risk has remained controversial. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to obtain a comprehensive estimation of this association. A total of 20,615 cases and 20,481 controls from thirty-six case-control trials were extracted from an online literature survey. The meta-analysis indicated that the GSTP1 rs1695 A>G polymorphism did not contribute to the susceptibility of BC when the overall population was considered. However, intriguingly, this polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of BC in Asian women [GG vs AA: odds ratio (OR) = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.88, P = 0.02; AG vs AA: OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.00-1.16, P = 0.05; GG/AG vs AA: OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.04-1.19, P = 0.00]. Moreover, a subgroup analysis based on the source of control groups showed a marked increase in BC susceptibility in hospital-based control subjects (GG vs AA: OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.10-1.48, P= 0.00; GG vs AG/AA: OR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.06-1.41, P = 0.00; GG/AG vs AA: OR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.02-1.18, P = 0.00). In conclusion, our study indicated that the GSTP1 rs1695 A>G polymorphism was correlated with elevated BC risk in Asian women. Our results must be validated with further research.

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“…One drink is equivalent to 30 mL liquor, 102 mL wine, and 340 mL beer (Carpenter et al, 1998;Kjaerheim et al, 1998;Ahrendt et al, 2000). Subjects with BMI ≥ 25.0 were considered overweight (Naushad et al, 2011;James et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of MTHFR C677T and MTR A2756G polymorphisms in thyroid and breast cancer development

Lopes¹,

Gimenez-Martins²,

Nascimento-Filho³

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Folate metabolism is essential for DNA synthesis and repair. Alterations in genes that participate in folate metabolism can be associated with several types of malignant neoplasms, including thyroid and breast cancer. In the present case-control study, we examined the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T, rs1801133) and methionine synthase (MTR A2756G, rs1805087) polymorphisms and risk for thyroid and breast cancer. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length technique was used to determine the specific genotypes in the genes of interest. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple logistic regression test. We found an association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risks to both thyroid (OR = 2.50; 95%CI = 1.15-5.46; P = 0.02) and breast cancer (OR = 2.53; 95%CI = 1.08-5.93; P = 0.03). Tobacco consumption and high body mass index were also associated with thyroid cancer. In addition, increased age (≥50 years) and alcohol consumption were found to be associated with breast cancer. Our results indicated that MTHFR C677T is significantly associated with thyroid and breast cancer risks. Thus, these factors may be used as potential prognostic markers for thyroid and breast cancers.

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Obesity in breast cancer – What is the risk factor?

Cited by 113 publications

References 76 publications

p53: Protection against Tumor Growth beyond Effects on Cell Cycle and Apoptosis

p53: Protection against Tumor Growth beyond Effects on Cell Cycle and Apoptosis

Glutathione S-transferase P1 rs1695 A>G polymorphism and breast cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis

Role of MTHFR C677T and MTR A2756G polymorphisms in thyroid and breast cancer development

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