Obesity, level of aspiration, and Rorschach and TAT measures of oral dependence.

Masling, Joseph; Rabie, Lillie; Blondheim, S. H.

doi:10.1037/h0020999

Cited by 176 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In particular, instructors should teach students to distinguish between projective indexes that do and do not have empirical support. They should also expose students to research concerning variables that can contribute to the low validity of projective techniques in some real-world settings, such as response sets (Schretlen, 1997) and situational influences (Masling, 1967). In addition, instructors should discuss in detail the forensic and ethical implications of relying on projective indexes that are not well validated.…”

Section: Recommendations For Education and Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A meta-analysis by Meyer and Handler (1997) concluded that the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale (RPRS) bears a well-established relationship to treatment outcome. Finally, a meta-analysis by Bornstein (1999;see also Bornstein, 1996) suggested that the Rorschach Oral Dependency Scale (ROD; Masling, Rabie, & Blondheim, 1967) is related to objective behaviors indicative of dependency.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Scientific Status of Projective Techniques

Lilienfeld

Wood

Garb

2000

Psychol Sci Public Interest

607

391

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Abstract-AlthoughControversy has been no stranger to the field of personality assessment, and no issue in this field has been more controversial than the scientific status of projective techniques. Indeed, the novice reader attempting to make sense of the sprawling and bewilderingly complex literature on projective techniques is immediately confronted with a striking paradox. On the one hand, during the past four decades a litany of personality assessment researchers (e.g., Anastasi, 1982;Gittelman Klein, 1986;Dawes, 1994) have come forth to decry the reliability and validity of most projective techniques (see Lilienfeld, 1999). Jensen's (1965) famous quotation, although 35 years old, still captures the sentiments of many contemporary scientists toward the Rorschach Inkblot Test and numerous other projective techniques: ". . . the rate of scientific progress in clinical psychology might well be measured by the speed and thoroughness with which it gets over the Rorschach" (p. 238). On the other hand, clinicians in the United States and to a lesser extent those abroad continue to use projective techniques with great regularity, and many contend that these techniques are virtually indispensable to their daily practice (Watkins, Campbell, Neiberding, & Hallmark, 1995). The crux of this paradox was incisively summed up by Anastasi (1982), who observed that "Projective techniques present a curious discrepancy between research and practice. When evaluated as psychometric instruments, the large majority make a poor showing. Yet their popularity in clinical use continues unabated" (p. 564).Indeed, despite the sustained and often withering criticisms directed at projective techniques during the past several decades (Dawes, 1994;Lowenstein, 1987), numerous surveys demonstrate that such techniques continue to enjoy widespread popularity among clinicians. Durand, Blanchard, and Mindell (1988) reported that 49% of the directors of clinical psychology graduate programs and 65% of the directors of clinical psychology internships believed that formal training in projective techniques is important. Watkins et al. (1995) found that 5 projective techniques, including the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), were among the 10 instruments most frequently used by clinical psychologists. For example, 82% of clinical psychologists reported that they administered the Rorschach at least "occasionally" in their test batteries and 43% reported that they "frequently" or "always" administered it. There is some indication, however, that the popularity of certain projective techniques may be waning. In a recent survey of practicing clinicians, Piotrowski, Belter, and Keller (1998) reported that several projective techniques, including the Rorschach and TAT, have been abandoned by a sizeable minority of users. Some authors (e.g., Piotrowski et al., 1998; Piotrowski & Belter, 1989) have attributed the recent decline in the popularity of projective techniques to the advent of managed care, although at least some of this decline may al...

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Section: Recommendations For Education and Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Scientific Status of Projective Techniques

Lilienfeld

Wood

Garb

2000

Psychol Sci Public Interest

607

391

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They can also provide helpful information for the diagnosis of schizophrenia and other mental disorders in which thought disorder is sometimes present (e.g., bipolar disorder, schizotypal personality disorder). In addition, the Rorschach Oral Dependency Scale (Masling, Rabie, & Blondheim, 1967) has been reasonably well supported for the assessment of dependent personality traits.…”

Section: Research On the Assessment Of Psychopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective use of projective techniques in clinical practice: Let the data help with selection and interpretation.

Garb¹,

Wood²,

Lilienfeld³

et al. 2002

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice

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By learning about the validity of individual test scores, psychologists can avoid using scores that are invalid and making judgments that are potentially harmful to their clients. This is important not only for improving clinical and forensic practice but also for avoiding lawsuits. In this article, the effective use of projective techniques is described, with attention to the overperception of psychopathology, diagnosis and the description of symptoms, and the detection of child abuse. Guidelines are offered for using the Rorschach, Thematic Apperception Test, human figure drawings, and the Washington University Sentence Completion Test.

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“…ROD scores were derived from the combined free-association and inquiry portions of each participant's Rorschach protocol, using the ROD scoring system of Masling et al (1967). In this system, a response is defined as oral dependent if it falls into any of the following categories: (a) foods and drinks, (b) food sources, (c) food objects, (d) food providers, (e) passive food receivers, (f) food organs, (g) supplicants, (h) nurturers, (i) gifts and gift givers, (j) good luck symbols, (k) oral activity, (l) passivity and helplessness, (m) pregnancy and reproductive anatomy, and (n) negations of oral percepts (e.g., "not pregnant," "man with no mouth").…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal Dependency and Personality Pathology: Variations in Rorschach Oral Dependency Scores Across Axis II Diagnoses

Bornstein¹,

Hilsenroth²,

Padawer³

et al. 2000

Journal of Personality Assessment

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Although several investigations have examined the relationship of Rorschach Oral Dependency (ROD; Masling, Rabie, & Blondheim, 1967) scores to Axis I diagnosis, there has been very little research assessing variations in ROD scores across Axis II personality disorders (PDs). In this study, ROD scores were compared in 5 PD groups (borderline PD inpatients, borderline PD outpatients, avoidant-dependent PD outpatients, narcissistic PD outpatients, and antisocial PD outpatients), and 2 non-PD comparison groups (psychotic disorder inpatients and college students). Borderline PD inpatients had significantly higher ROD scores than borderline PD outpatients, antisocial PD outpatients, and college students; no other between-group differences were found. We discuss implications of these results for research on dependency and Axis II psychopathology and offer suggestions for future studies.

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Obesity, level of aspiration, and Rorschach and TAT measures of oral dependence.

Cited by 176 publications

References 9 publications

The Scientific Status of Projective Techniques

The Scientific Status of Projective Techniques

Effective use of projective techniques in clinical practice: Let the data help with selection and interpretation.

Interpersonal Dependency and Personality Pathology: Variations in Rorschach Oral Dependency Scores Across Axis II Diagnoses

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