Obesity phenotypes and their paradoxical association with cardiovascular diseases

Vecchiè, Alessandra; Dallegri, Franco; Carbone, Federico; Bonaventura, Aldo; Liberale, Luca; Portincasa, Piero; Frühbeck, Gema; Montecucco, Fabrizio

doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.10.020

Cited by 254 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Consumption of 0.1% αMR inhibited weight gain, but not significantly. Therefore, we used 0.5% αMR in Weight gain is caused by a chronic positive energy balance [2]. The primary cause of obesity is increased energy intake, especially consumption of fat in high proportions [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of life insurance data reveals how obesity is associated with increased death rates, as obesity involves highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease [1,2]. Obesity can be categorized either as total obesity (body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m 2 ) and severe obesity (body mass index ≥ 30.0 kg/m 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Daily consumption of monoglucosyl-rutin prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by suppressing gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in mice

Yokoyama¹,

Tanaka²,

Hashizume³

et al. 2018

FFHD

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Citation: Yokoyama D., Tanaka W., Hashizune Y., Tandia M., Sakono M., Shimoi K., Sakakibara H. Daily consumption of monoglucosyl-rutin prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by suppressing gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in mice. ABSTRACTBackground: Alpha monoglucosyl-rutin (4 G -α-D-glucopyranosyl rutin, αMR) has been shown to stimulate antioxidant defenses and anti-glycation. We evaluated the effects of αMR on body weight gain in mice. Methods:Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: Control low-fat diet, low-fat Page 354 of 371 diet + 0.5% αMR, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet + 0.5% αMR. Blood chemistry, hepatic lipids, and serum metabolic hormones and cytokines were evaluated after 4 and 13 weeks.Results: After 6 weeks, the high-fat diet group gained more weight than the low-fat diet group. Supplementing the high-fat diet with αMR suppressed weight gain by week 13.Visceral fat weight was higher in the high-fat diet group on weeks 4 and 13, while αMR supplementation inhibited increase on week 13 but not on week 4. Serum levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide were higher in the high-fat-diet group than in the low-fat-diet group.αMR supplementation inhibited this elevation and regulated levels of serum leptin and hepatic triglycerides. Conclusion:For the first time, we demonstrated how daily consumption of αMR inhibits diet-induced visceral fat accumulation by regulating the secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, which thereby prevents excess weight gain. Therefore, αMR may be a promising potential functional food. BACKGROUNDThe analysis of life insurance data reveals how obesity is associated with increased death rates, as obesity involves highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease [1,2]. Obesity can be categorized either as total obesity (body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m 2 ) and severe obesity (body mass index ≥ 30.0 kg/m 2 ).The prevalence of obesity worldwide has been estimated to reach 18% for men and surpass 21% for women by 2025, with severe obesity surpassing 6% in men and 9% in women in developed countries [3]. The economic burden of obesity-related diseases has been estimated to be around $48-66 billion/year in the US and £1.9-2 billion/year in the UK by 2030 [4]. Therefore, prevention of excess body weight gain and obesity is a high research priority.Weight gain results from a chronic positive energy balance, occurring when energy expenditure is lower than energy intake. Consequently, management of daily food αMR, α-monoglucosyl rutin; LFD, low-fat diet (control); HFD, high-fat diet. 1 Energy values were calculated using Atwater factors; 4 kcal/g for soluble nitrogen-free products and crude protein, and 9 kcal/g for crude lipid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily consumption of monoglucosyl-rutin prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by suppressing gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in mice

Yokoyama¹,

Tanaka²,

Hashizume³

et al. 2018

FFHD

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“…As widely described in metabolic syndrome (MetS), different cardiovascular (CV) risk factors cluster together and determine an overall CV risk higher than that of each single condition. 3 In the light of this, there is matter for more specific investigations targeting different CV risk factors and their pathophysiological roles, especially when they are combined with each other. Despite the large body of clinical evidences, molecular mechanisms leading to the development of MetS remain to be fully elucidated, even though chronic low-grade inflammation seems to play a critical role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Even the role of adipose tissue is currently challenging, as different depots are associated with different and heterogeneous phenotypes, each one associated with different degree of CV risk. 3 In the light of this, there is matter for more specific investigations targeting different CV risk factors and their pathophysiological roles, especially when they are combined with each other. 4 With regard to hypertension, we might hypothesize that natural history in MetS is influenced by concomitant metabolic disorders or lowgrade systemic inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline hs‐CRP predicts hypertension remission in metabolic syndrome

Carbone

Elia

Casula

et al. 2019

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Background: Inflammation, overweight and other cardiovascular risk factors might negatively impact on hypertension remission in metabolic syndrome (MetS), independently of the pharmacological treatment. Here, the potential influence of systemic inflammation (assessed by serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) on hypertension remission will be investigated in a cohort of hypertensive patients with MetS. Material and Methods: Hypertensive patients with MetS (n = 100) were enrolled, treated under current behavior/dietary/pharmacological recommendations and followed up for 12 months. All patients received medications and nutritional advice based on Mediterranean-like dietary pattern in addition to psychological and physicalactivity counselling. At baseline (T0), 6 (T1) and 12 (T2) months of follow-up, clinical data, haematological and biochemical profiles and serum hs-CRP were measured. Results: As compared to T0, at T2 patients displayed improvements in anthropometric and metabolic profiles. At T2, the hypertension remission rate was 13.0%. Serum hs-CRP did not change overtime in the overall cohort. Surprisingly, patients who experienced hypertension remission were less treated with antihypertensive drugs, but developed a weak improvement in anthropometric measures during follow-up.The hypertension remission group had lower baseline levels of hs-CRP as compared to non-remission. Low baseline hs-CRP (<2 µg/mL, cut-off value identified by ROC curve) predicted hypertension remission, independently of antihypertensive treatment implementation, baseline systolic blood pressure and waist circumference improvement. Conclusions: Remission of hypertension in MetS is independently associated with baseline low CRP levels, which might suggest a critical role for inflammation in sustaining high blood pressure levels. K E Y W O R D SC-reactive protein, hypertension, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, obesity, overweight

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“…1), приводя-щих в конечном итоге к развитию обусловленных ожирением ССЗ и их осложнений [22][23][24].…”

Section: российскийunclassified

Visceral Adiposity as a Global Factor of Cardiovascular Risk

et al. 2018

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ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯВ большинстве стран мира ожирение сегодня ста-новится одним из основных факторов риска развития и прогрессирования хронических неинфекционных заболеваний [1], что во многом обусловлено посто-янно растущими показателями его распространенно-сти [2]. При этом в структуре нозологических единиц, ассоциированных с наличием избыточной массы тела и ожирения, лидирует кардиоваскулярная патология: из ежегодных четырёх миллионов смертей в мире, связанных с высоким индексом массы тела (ИМТ), более двух третей являются случаями сердечно-сосу-дистой смерти [3].Российскую Федерацию, характеризующуюся высокой частотой встречаемости основных факторов сердечно-сосудистого риска (ССР), среди которых ожирение занимает лидирующую третью позицию (29,7% по данным эпидемиологического исследова-ния ЭССЕ-РФ 2012-2013гг [4]), отличает высокий показатель сердечно-сосудистой смертности, превы-шающий более чем в 2,5 раза аналогичный в странах Евросоюза, что определяет одну из главных задач национальной системы здравоохранения -профи-лактику сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) и их осложнений, направленную на предупреждение, Ожирение становится одним из основных факторов риска развития и прогрес-сирования сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Ассоциация высоких значений индекса массы тела с общей и сердечно-сосудистой смертностью подтверж-дается результатами мета-анализов многочисленных проспективных исследо-ваний. С другой стороны, две наиболее глобальные проблемы, касающиеся данной взаимосвязи, -"парадокс ожирения" и гетерогенность фенотипов ожирения в отношении кардиометаболического риска, вызвали многочислен-ные дискуссии по вопросам прогностического влияния избыточной массы тела и ожирения и целесообразности их коррекции у пациентов в рамках вто-ричной профилактики. Сегодня стал очевидным факт максимальной роли в увеличении риска при ожирении определенного характера распределения жировой ткани, преобладания висцерального жира, морфологических изме-нений висцеральной жировой ткани в рамках процессов ремоделирования и воспаления с последующим развитием ее дисфункции. В данной статье дается оценка этиопатогенетической роли висцеральной жировой ткани в кар-диоваскулярном континууме, приводится обзор методов верификации висце-рального ожирения, а также предлагается концепция стратификации кардио-васкулярного риска, ассоциированного с ожирением, в широкой клинической практике. Obesity becomes one of the main risk factors of development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Association of the high values of body mass index with overall and cardiovascular mortality is confirmed by the results of meta-analyses of multiple prospective studies. On the other hand, the two most global problems of this relationship -"obesity paradox" and heterogeneity of obesity phenotypes by cardiometabolic risk, released multiple discussions on the issues of predictive value of body overweight and obesity, and worth of correction in patients under the secondary prevention framework. Nowadays, the fact became obvious that maximum role in the risk r...

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Obesity phenotypes and their paradoxical association with cardiovascular diseases

Cited by 254 publications

References 167 publications

Daily consumption of monoglucosyl-rutin prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by suppressing gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in mice

Daily consumption of monoglucosyl-rutin prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by suppressing gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in mice

Baseline hs‐CRP predicts hypertension remission in metabolic syndrome

Visceral Adiposity as a Global Factor of Cardiovascular Risk

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