Obesity Prevention and Diabetes Screening at Local Health Departments

Zhang, Xinzhi; Luo, Huabin; Gregg, Edward W.; Mukhtar, Qaiser; Rivera, Mark; Barker, Lawrence; Albright, Ann

doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.168831

Cited by 26 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Among the service types performed less frequently in small/rural jurisdictions compared with larger/urban jurisdictions were early and periodic screening, diagnostic, and treatment services for infants and children (48), other maternal and child health functions (85), access to medical care (81), access to dental care (81), and behavioral health services (81). One study found that obesity prevention programs were performed less frequently in smaller jurisdictions (125), whereas another found no significant difference in obesity and diabetes programming by rurality or population size (148). Smaller jurisdictions were also less likely to delegate or privatize services compared with large jurisdictions (63,64).…”

Section: Health Service Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Double Disparity Facing Rural Local Health Departments

Harris

Beatty

Leider

et al. 2016

Annu. Rev. Public Health

124

104

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Residents of rural jurisdictions face significant health challenges, including some of the highest rates of risky health behaviors and worst health outcomes of any group in the country. Rural communities are served by smaller local health departments (LHDs) that are more understaffed and underfunded than their suburban and urban peers. As a result of history and current need, rural LHDs are more likely than their urban peers to be providers of direct health services, leading to relatively lower levels of population-focused activities. This review examines the double disparity faced by rural LHDs and their constituents: pervasively poorer health behaviors and outcomes and a historical lack of investment by local, state, and federal public health entities.

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Section: Health Service Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Double Disparity Facing Rural Local Health Departments

Harris

Beatty

Leider

et al. 2016

Annu. Rev. Public Health

124

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Zhang et al [33] identified about half of health departments offer diabetes screening, which is consistent with the 2008 National Profile of Local Health Departments report that 46 % of health departments screened for diabetes [22]. Zhang et al [33] study provided valuable insight on diabetes screening programs; all reporting health departments identified the need for screening algorithms, education, and referral options. Guidelines for health departments were recognized as a potentially useful tool [33].…”

Section: Consequences Of Missed Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Historically, health departments have been synonymous with infectious disease control; however their scope has broadened to meet public health needs. An epidemiological shift has occurred, with lessening threats of infectious disease, and an increasing prevalence of chronic disease, including prediabetes and diabetes [16,33]. With a growing prevalence of obesity and diabetes, particularly amongst the disadvantaged, health departments will continue to serve as a point of care, however further investigation on expanding this role is warranted [33].…”

Section: Consequences Of Missed Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving Prediabetes Screenings at Rural Missouri County Health Departments

2015

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With prediabetes criteria expanding in recent years, nurses offering prediabetes screenings require updates to stay abreast of current clinical guidelines. This study looked to improve rural Missouri health department nurses' understanding of prediabetes, improve the identification of prediabetes at participating health departments, and educate the nurses on existing prediabetes guidelines. A convenience sample of twenty-two nurses from seven rural Missouri health departments participated. Nurses completed a demographic questionnaire and a prediabetes knowledge pre-test prior to the intervention. Seven to eight weeks post-intervention, the health department nurses completed the prediabetes post-tests. A single live education session was conducted at each health department. Data from the pre- and post-tests was reviewed within three result categories. The overall, laboratory nursing knowledge, and general nursing knowledge divisions each showed statistically significant improvement with a p < 0.05. This study's post-test improvement in prediabetes knowledge replicates the usefulness of a simple, low cost educational update. Nurses improved the identification of prediabetes laboratory values on post-test data and showed an increase in overall prediabetes knowledge. A single and simple continuing education program is a useful tool for rural health nurses.

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“…community health outcomes. 20 In addition, previous studies have investigated overall level of provision of obesity prevention and control in jurisdictions, 21,22 but little is known about what types of services have been provided and whether there are any changes in provision of these services over time. The objectives of this study are to describe and compare the provision of the 10 EPHS for obesity control by LHDs in 2005 and 2008 and explore factors that are associated with providing these services.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Delivery of the 10 Essential Public Health Services by Local Health Departments for Obesity Control in 2005 and 2008

Luo

Sotnikov

Shah

et al. 2013

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

Self Cite

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Objectives-To describe and compare the capacity of local health departments (LHDs) to perform 10 essential public health services (EPHS) for obesity control in 2005 and 2008, and explore factors associated with provision of these services. Results-The proportion of LHDs that reported that they do not provide any of the EPHS for obesity control decreased from 27.9% in 2005 to 17.0% in 2008. In both 2005 and 2008, the 2 most frequently provided EPHS for obesity control by LHDs were informing, educating, and empowering the people (EPHS 3) and linking people to needed personal health services (EPHS 7). The 2 least frequently provided services were enforcing laws and regulations (EPHS 6) and conducting research (EPHS 10). On average, LHDs provided 3.05 EPHS in 2005 and 3.69 EPHS in 2008. Multiple logistic regression results show that LHDs with larger jurisdiction population, with a local governance, and those that have completed a community health improvement plan were more likely to provide more of the EPHS for obesity (P < .05). Methods-TheConclusions-The provision of the 10 EPHS for obesity control by LHDs remains low. Local health departments need more assistance and resources to expand performance of EPHS for obesity control. Future studies are needed to evaluate and promote LHD capacity to deliver evidence-based strategies for obesity control in local communities.

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Obesity Prevention and Diabetes Screening at Local Health Departments

Abstract: The presence of obesity prevention and diabetes screening programs was significantly associated with LHD structural capacity and general performance. However, the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of both types of programs remain unknown.

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

The Double Disparity Facing Rural Local Health Departments

The Double Disparity Facing Rural Local Health Departments

Improving Prediabetes Screenings at Rural Missouri County Health Departments

Variation in Delivery of the 10 Essential Public Health Services by Local Health Departments for Obesity Control in 2005 and 2008

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