Obesity preventive function of novel edible mushroom, Basidiomycetes-X (Echigoshirayukidake): Manipulations of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism

Abstract

s Echigoshirayukidake is an edible mushroom found in Uonuma, Japan in 1994. It was assigned to a new species of Basidiomycetes (BDM-X) but is uniquely defect of forming bashidium. The high antioxidant activity and β-glucan content of BDM-X suggest possible functions preventing type 2 diabetes. In the present study, anti-obesity and insulin resistance preventive functions of BDM-X were examined using genetically defined obese model rat, OLETF (Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty) by feeding regular diet with and without supplementation of 5% dried BDM-X powder (BDMP) for 15 weeks. BDMP supplementation to the diet significantly (p < 0.01) suppressed the body weight gain and also visceral fat accumulation during the feeding period compared to control diet. Simultaneously, the insulin resistance and the plasma levels of adiponectin and triglycerides were significantly (p = 0.003) ameliorated in the BDMP supplemented diet group. A statistical multivariate analysis showed the weight of three types of adipose tissue (epididymal, retroperirenal, and mesenteric fat) positively correlated with HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance), and negatively correlated with plasma adiponectin. These results indicate BDM-X is a new resource applicable to the functional foods or the complementary biomedicines to prevent metabolic syndromes leading to type 2 diabetes.

Identification of a Novel Pyrrole Alkaloid from the Edible Mushroom Basidiomycetes-X (Echigoshirayukidake)

“…The present finding that the formyl pyrrole alkaloids are present in Basidiomycetes-X, therefore, supports the idea that these pyrrole alkaloids are playing crucial roles in the observed medicinal and pharmacological functions of this mushroom so far, we reported elsewhere [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Especially, the finding of amide analogue (compound II) as the novel ingredient of Bashidiomycetes -X provided a new insight to the functions of this mushroom because the amide structure, which is rather stable, will differentiate the metabolic behaviors from the acid homologue (compound I), and, thus, a discussion will be expanded if they have similar functions or some new functions are involved in the amide analogue.…”

“…It has been reported that the aqueous extract of Basidiomycetes - X showed a potential hydroxylradical scavenging activity and protective effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic oxidative damage in mice [ 3 ]. Further studies revealed that Basidiomycetes-X has potential anti-obesity and hepatoprotective functions in rodents [ 4 , 5 ], and it inhibits atopic dermatitis in a mouse model [ 6 ]. Quite recently, Basidiomycetes - X was also reported to prevent and ameliorate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in fatty liver model rats [ 7 ].…”

Mushrooms as a Resource for Mibyou-Care Functional Food; The Role of Basidiomycetes-X (Shirayukidake) and Its Major Components

“…So far, several animal and human studies on the medicinal functions of BDM-X have been carried out and are summarized in Table 2; these include antioxidant protection [68], anti-obesity effects [69,70], hepatoprotective functions [69,71,72] and immune modulation, including the ameliorative effect on atopic dermatitis [73,74]. It is worth discussing the possible contribution of identified BDM-X components to those already known, as well as other unpublished functions.…”

In-vitro activity of ethanolic extract of Lentinus strigosus mycelia in N2 wild strain Caenorhabditis elegans – An animal model for obesity and its chemical composition

“…This observation is consistent with the recent study of Sheng et al [37], who reported that water extract from mushroom Pleurotus citrinopileatus significantly decreased the food intake resulting to the reduction of weight gain and fat accumulation in highfat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. In addition, Khatun et al [38] reported that feeding of edible mushroom Echigoshirayukidake supplemented chow (5% w/w) significantly reduced the food intake and prevented body weight gain, fat deposition in the viscera, and hyperlipidemia in genetically defined obese model rat.…”