Obesity Treatment: Broadening Our Perspective

Taylor, Evelyn; Missik, Eugenia; Hurley, Roberta S.; Hudak, Sandra; Logue, Everett

doi:10.5993/ajhb.28.3.5

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…A small crossover study in nine lean women who ate regularly, then irregularly, for two week periods demonstrated insulin resistance and higher fasting lipid profiles during the period of irregular eating [4]. Observational studies in children suggest that skipping meals, particularly breakfast, is a risk factor for adolescent obesity [5], [6] and leads to higher baseline plasma insulin and low density lipoprotein concentrations, [7] thereby potentially contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease over time. While many of these studies investigated eating pattern, satiety and nutritional adequacy of the diet, few studied metabolic consequences other than obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpredictable Feeding Impairs Glucose Tolerance in Growing Lambs

et al. 2013

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Irregular eating is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic disease in adults but may affect young, growing children differently. We investigated the metabolic effects of unpredictable feeding in female juvenile lambs randomly assigned to receive, for six weeks, maintenance feed given twice daily in equal portions (Control Group, C; n = 24) or the same weekly feed amount in aliquots of variable size at unpredictable times (Unpredictable Group, U; n = 21). Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT), insulin tolerance tests (ITT), and measurement of diurnal plasma cortisol concentrations were performed pre and post the dietary intervention. Groups were compared using t test and RM ANOVA. Weight gain was similar in both groups (C 18±2%; U 16±2% of initial body weight). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was unchanged in C (AUC pre 818±34, post 801±33 mmol.min.l−1), but increased by 20% in U (pre 830±25, post 1010±19 mmol.min.l−1; p<0.0001), with an inadequate insulin response to glucose load (log(AUC insulin first 40 minutes) post intervention C 1.49±0.04 vs U 1.36±0.04 ng.min.ml−1; p = 0.03). Insulin tolerance and diurnal variation of plasma cortisol concentrations were not different between groups. Unpredictable feeding impairs insulin response to glucose in growing lambs despite high quality food and normal weight gain. Irregular eating warrants investigation as a potentially remediable risk factor for disordered glucose metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpredictable Feeding Impairs Glucose Tolerance in Growing Lambs

et al. 2013

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“…To manage weight we are told to eat regularly to: reduce hunger, 1 increase exercise, 2 increase our metabolic rate or mobilise our body fat to be used as an energy source because blood glucose and insulin levels are reduced. 3 We are also told not to snack to manage weight because snacking might result in overeating and subsequent weight gain. 4 Currently, weight management guidelines suggest eating more frequently and including snacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Snack or Not to Snack: What should we advise for weight management?

Palmer

Capra

Baines

2011

Nutrition & Dietetics

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Aims: Although our current weight management guidelines suggest eating regularly, speculation about whether snacking assists with managing weight occurs widely among the media, weight loss clients and health professionals. We aim to examine whether there is adequate scientific evidence available to support the manipulation of eating frequently for improving body weight, diabetes and cardiovascular risk markers, and theories that link eating frequently with weight management. Methods: Relevant papers from nutrition and dietetics journals and other sources were used to assess the association between eating frequency and weight and health. Results: Longer‐term evidence suggests eating frequency does not affect weight, glucose, insulin control, hunger or energy expenditure in intentional weight losers and maintainers. There is consistent short‐term evidence of an inverse association between blood lipid levels and eating frequency during weight maintenance. Many of the common theories that suggest manipulating eating frequency for weight management are not supported by the literature. Sustaining a change to eating frequency also may be challenging over the longer term. Conclusions: Overall current evidence does not suggest that manipulating eating frequency greatly benefits weight and health. Health professionals may not need to manipulate eating frequency for weight management.

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“…However, in another study, percentage energy from evening food intake and weight changes were unrelated (247) . Taylor et al (248) and Bellisle (249) suggested that the effects of meal patterns on human obesity have yet to be clarified.…”

Section: Rhythmicity Of Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models

2010

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Epidemiological studies have shown a positive relationship between dietary fat intake and obesity. Since rats and mice show a similar relationship, they are considered an appropriate model for studying dietary obesity. The present paper describes the history of using high-fat diets to induce obesity in animals, aims to clarify the consequences of changing the amount and type of dietary fats on weight gain, body composition and adipose tissue cellularity, and explores the contribution of genetics and sex, as well as the biochemical basis and the roles of hormones such as leptin, insulin and ghrelin in animal models of dietary obesity. The major factors that contribute to dietary obesity -hyperphagia, energy density and post-ingestive effects of the dietary fat -are discussed. Other factors that affect dietary obesity including feeding rhythmicity, social factors and stress are highlighted. Finally, we comment on the reversibility of high-fat diet-induced obesity.

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Obesity Treatment: Broadening Our Perspective

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Unpredictable Feeding Impairs Glucose Tolerance in Growing Lambs

Unpredictable Feeding Impairs Glucose Tolerance in Growing Lambs

To Snack or Not to Snack: What should we advise for weight management?

High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models

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