Object control skills influence the physical activity of children with intellectual disability in a developing country: The Philippines

Abstract

Background Children with intellectual disability (ID) tend to have difficulties in reaching developmental milestones at predictable rates, including fundamental movement skills (FMS) proficiency. Low FMS proficiency tends to have a negative association with physical activity (PA) engagement. This study examined whether FMS components (locomotor, object control) influence PA levels in children with ID in the Philippines. Method The sample consisted of 60 children aged 5-14 years (M = 9.56, SD = 3.23) from special schools. PA was measured using pedometers (daily step count). FMS proficiency was measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development -Second Edition. Results Participants' overall mean daily step count (M = 7,014.92, SD = 3,124.86) was significantly lower than the global public health standard of 12,000 daily steps. FMS scores were significantly lower than the full score for locomotor (M = 24.80, SD = 8.90, p < .001) and object control skills (M = 20.95, SD = 6.53, p < .001). Significant positive associations were found between FMS components and PA, with object control skills accounting for 26.7% of overall daily step count variance. Conclusion Findings suggest that programs are needed to facilitate proficient FMS and sufficient PA for children with ID in the Philippines. Although object control skills influence PA, further studies are needed to examine other factors.

Fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review

“…In two studies with children (Eguia, Capio, & Simons, ; Westendorp et al, ), the relationships between physical activity level (daily step counts) or sport participation (Yes vs. No) and FMS dimensions were examined (Table ). As illustrated in Table , a significant relationship was found between physical activity (higher overall, weekday, and weekend daily step counts) or sport participation (those who participated had higher performance than those who did not participate) and object control skills in all the studies (Eguia et al, ; Westendorp et al, ). However, findings for the locomotor skills were mixed and inconclusive.…”

“…However, findings for the locomotor skills were mixed and inconclusive. Indeed, Eguia et al () found a positive relationship between locomotor skills and overall and weekday physical activity and no relationship between locomotor skills and weekend physical activity. Additionally, Westendorp et al () found no significant relationship between locomotor skills and sport participation (Table ).…”

“…In two studies with children (Eguia, Capio, & Simons, 2015;Westendorp et al, 2011), the relationships between physical activity level (daily step counts) or sport participation (Yes vs. No) and…”

Movement pattern components and mastery of an object control skill with error-reduced learning

“…Object control skills impact health such that proficiency predicts cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence among typically developing children [2]. Likewise, for children with intellectual disability, object control skills proficiency predicts sports participation [3] and habitual physical activity [4].…”

Problems Of Motor Skills Development Of Children With Mild Mental Disorder

“…The TGMD-2 test is used in various contexts in the research, but the studies are mostly focused on searching for possibilities to influence gross motor skills (Bardid et al, 2013;Houwen, Hartman, Jonker, & Visscher, 2010). It can also be used in mentally handicapped people (Eguia, Capio, & Simons, 2015). The significance of the difference between the sub-tests (locomotor skills and object control skills) of children with mild mental disorder was evaluated by the t-test.…”