“…During the past decades, most research work on CNNs focused on two main fields. One is on CNN theories, such as the stability analysis [3][4][5][6][7], the convergence analysis [8], the chaos [9,10] and the improved CNN models [11][12][13][14][15]; another is on CNN applications, such as the hardware implementations [16][17][18], the image processing [19][20][21], the pattern recognition [22,23] and the associative memories [24][25][26].…”