Object Relations, Reality Testing, and Social Withdrawal in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Hansen, Charlotte Fredslund; Torgalsbøen, Anne‐Kari; Røssberg, Jan Ivar; Romm, Kristin Lie; Andreassen, Ole A.; Bell, Morris D.; Melle, Ingrid

doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3182848ae0

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For this reason, they probably less often had florid positive symptoms or primary disorder-induced anxiety symptoms to report [9]. Third, avoidance behavior may be less prominent in SSA patients due to their common withdrawal from social roles, and hence, less frequent exposure to common anxiety-provoking situations [54–56]. Furthermore, these patients often experience negative symptoms, rendering some of them emotionally numb and indifferent to situations that tend to cause anxiety in other populations [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety symptoms in a major mood and schizophrenia spectrum disorders

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety symptoms in a major mood and schizophrenia spectrum disorders

et al. 2016

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“…To assess social impairment we used two items from the PANSS: 1) active social avoidance defined as diminished social involvement associated with unwarranted fear, hostility or distrust; and 2) passive social withdrawal defined as diminished interest and initiative in social interactions. Whether these two items represent distinct or shared constructs remains unclear as some studies find they are distinct (Hansen et al, 2013) and others show they load on a common factor (Van den Oord et al, 2006). In our sample the two items were modestly correlated (r = .48, p = .02), therefore we analyzed them separately.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of out-group bias predict social impairment in patients with schizophrenia

Blackford

Williams

2015

Schizophrenia Research

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Background Social impairments are a hallmark feature of schizophrenia and are a key predictor of functional disability. Deficits in social information processing likely underlie social impairment; however, this relationship is understudied. We previously demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia fail to habituate to neutral faces, providing evidence for an alteration in basic social information processing. It remains unknown whether patients with schizophrenia also show deficits in processing of more complex social information. Out-group bias provides an excellent opportunity to test complex social information processing because the bias requires basic face processing skills, the ability to discriminate between groups, as well as the ability to categorize oneself into a salient social group. Methods Study participants were 23 patients with schizophrenia and 21 controls. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, habituation of response to 120 seconds of repeated presentations of faces was assessed in participants who viewed either same-gender faces or opposite-gender faces. The interaction between face gender (same/opposite) and group was examined in three key regions: amygdala, hippocampus, and visual cortex. Social impairment was measured using the PANSS and correlations between social impairment and out-group effect (main effect of face type) were performed in patients. Results Patients with schizophrenia had aberrant neural responses to opposite-gender faces (interaction, p < .05 corrected). Healthy controls showed an immediate heightened response to opposite-gender faces relative to same-gender faces; but in patients this effect was substantially delayed (~ 70 seconds). In patients with schizophrenia, the out-group bias was significantly correlated with social impairment. Patients with no social impairment showed a heightened neural response to opposite-gender faces after 30 seconds, whereas patients with mild-moderate social impairment failed to ever show a heightened response. Conclusion Alterations in neural responses during out-group processing predicted degree of social impairment in patients with schizophrenia; thus, neural responses to opposite-gender faces may provide a novel measure for studies of treatment response and disease outcome.

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“…As with the SCORS, past studies have shown that all subscales should have pointed to the difference. This could be explained by the use of the BORRTI mostly in clinical settings, as in the SCORS case (e.g., Hansen, Torgalsbøen, Rossberg, Andreassen, Bell & Melle, 2012;Hansen, Torgalsbøen, Røssberg, Romm, Andreassen, Bell & Melle, 2013;Huprich, Pouliot & Bruner, 2012). The fact that only the AL subscale exhibited significant differences could also be explained by the fact that AL contains high loadings on the greatest number of BORRTI items and appears to represent the broadest dimension of OR measured (Bell, 1995;Bell et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Object relations and real life relationships: A cross method assessment

Handelzalts

Fisher

Naot

2014

Scandinavian J Psychology

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This study examines the relationship between the psychoanalytic concept of object relations and real life behavior of being in an intimate relationship among heterosexual women. In a multi-method approach we used two different measures; the self-report Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI; Bell, Billington & Becker, 1986) and the performance based Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Social Cognition & Object Relations Scale- Global Rating Method SCORS-G (Westen, 1995) to measure the object relations of 60 women. The Alienation subscale of the BORRTI and understanding of social causality subscale of the SCORS-G explained 34.8% of variance of the intimate relationship variable. Thus, women involved in a romantic relationship reported lower rates of alienation on the BORRTI and produced TAT narratives that were more adaptive with regard to understanding of social causality as measured by the SCORS-G than those not currently in a relationship. Results are discussed with reference to the relationship between object relations and real life measures of healthy individuals and in light of the need for a multi-method approach of assessment.

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Object Relations, Reality Testing, and Social Withdrawal in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Anxiety symptoms in a major mood and schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Anxiety symptoms in a major mood and schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Neural correlates of out-group bias predict social impairment in patients with schizophrenia

Object relations and real life relationships: A cross method assessment

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