Objectification and System Justification Impact Rape Avoidance Behaviors

Papp, Leanna J.; Erchull, Mindy J.

doi:10.1007/s11199-016-0660-8

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Similarly to Chapleau et al (2007), we found that those with higher gender system justification accepted rape myths more, which means that people who think that gender differences are justifiable and men deserve their higher status are more likely blame the victim and exonerate the perpetrator for rape. Furthermore, the results imply, similarly to the findings of Papp and Erchull (2017), that both men and women's attitudes about society affect their endorsement of rape myths.…”

Section: Discussion Of Studysupporting

confidence: 72%

Rape myth acceptance as a relevant psychological construct in a gender-unequal context: The Hungarian adaptation of the updated Illinois rape myths acceptance scale

Nyúl

Kende

2021

Curr Psychol

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The Updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (UIRMAS) has been widely used for measuring rape myth acceptance. The scale was created in the United States, however studies have shown that rape myth is a culturally and socially embedded phenomenon. Therefore, in order to measure rape myth acceptance in other parts of the world, the scale needs to be validated. Victim blaming and rape myths are both widespread in public reactions to rape in Hungary (i.e., in media reports and public opinion). Furthermore, Hungary can be characterized by a weak feminist movement and scoring low on gender equality measures. Nevertheless, we expected and found the reliability and validity of the Hungarian version of the Updated Illinois Rape myth acceptance Scale (UIRMAS). In Study 1 we conducted a confirmative factor analysis to assess the structural validity of the scale and identified the original factors of UIRMAS on a large convenience sample (N = 758, 25.4% men 74.6% women). In line with previous empirical evidence we also found that men, people with stronger just-world beliefs and higher sexism accepted rape myths more. In Study 2 we again found support for the original factor structure and construct validity of UIRMAS on a nationally representative sample (N = 1007, 49.2% men 50.8% women), and also tested its convergent and discriminant validity. The results suggest that UIRMAS is a valid and reliable scale in the Hungarian context that can, for example, be used for measuring impact assessment of interventions.

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Section: Discussion Of Studysupporting

confidence: 72%

Rape myth acceptance as a relevant psychological construct in a gender-unequal context: The Hungarian adaptation of the updated Illinois rape myths acceptance scale

Nyúl

Kende

2021

Curr Psychol

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“…Gender system justification prompted by exposure to sexist ideology increases self-objectification in women (Calogero & Jost, 2011; see also Calogero & Tylka, 2014). More generally, belief in a just world in which society is perceived as fair (Lerner, 1980) has also been linked to greater self-reported sexual objectification experiences in women (Papp & Erchull, 2017). Through just world belief, women normalize objectifying behaviors as useful tactics for self-preservation (Papp & Erchull, 2017), but this ideology may increase misperceptions of risk and responsibility of sexual violence.…”

Section: Ideologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More generally, belief in a just world in which society is perceived as fair (Lerner, 1980) has also been linked to greater self-reported sexual objectification experiences in women (Papp & Erchull, 2017). Through just world belief, women normalize objectifying behaviors as useful tactics for self-preservation (Papp & Erchull, 2017), but this ideology may increase misperceptions of risk and responsibility of sexual violence. 'Sexual assault within a just world is, therefore, the fault of the subordinate group (women) and their inability to behave correctly around the dominant group (men)' (Papp & Erchull, 2017, p. 111).…”

Section: Ideologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Interaction Model of Objectification: A process model of goal‐based objectifying exchanges between men and women

Gervais

Sáez

Riemer

et al. 2019

British J Social Psychol

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People perceive and treat women as sex objects in social exchanges. The interaction processes through which women are objectified, however, have rarely been considered. To address this gap in the literature, we propose the Social Interaction Model of Objectification (SIMO). Rooted in social exchange and objectification theories, the SIMO predicts objectifying behaviors stemming from sexual goals between men and women. We propose that the behavioral dynamics of objectification can be understood through a series of goal-based exchange processes that 1 digitalcommons.unl.edu

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“…As rapid changes of the technological landscape routinely link new types of specific behavior (e.g., non-consensual sexting) to existing theory (e.g., on sexual objectification) they can inform the creation of prevention programs [46,71]. The well-researched theory of ‘sexual double standards’ suggests that women’s sexuality is often perceived as pure and damageable through active desire, holding women responsible for protecting themselves from aggressive male sexuality [72,73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As girls are more likely to engage in sexualized self-presentations on social network sites and more attention is paid to their physical appearance than that of boys [76], gendered aspects need to be considered [17,77]. While arguments have been made to consider sexting as an empowering (social) media production [78,79] and to frame sexy appearance as a feminist act to counter the negative effects of objectification [80], this positive reframing carries the potential negative effect of normalizing unwanted sexual attention, which may outweigh the possible benefits of individual self-preservation [71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(Don’t) Look at Me! How the Assumed Consensual or Non-Consensual Distribution Affects Perception and Evaluation of Sexting Images

Dekker

Wenzlaff

Daubmann

et al. 2019

JCM

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The non-consensual sharing of an intimate image is a serious breach of a person’s right to privacy and can lead to severe psychosocial consequences. However, little research has been conducted on the reasons for consuming intimate pictures that have been shared non-consensually. This study aims to investigate how the supposed consensual or non-consensual distribution of sexting images affects the perception and evaluation of these images. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The same intimate images were shown to all participants. However, one group assumed that the photos were shared voluntarily, whereas the other group were told that the photos were distributed non-consensually. While the participants completed several tasks such as rating the sexual attractiveness of the depicted person, their eye-movements were being tracked. The results from this study show that viewing behavior and the evaluation of sexting images are influenced by the supposed way of distribution. In line with objectification theory men who assumed that the pictures were distributed non-consensually spent more time looking at the body of the depicted person. This so-called ‘objectifying gaze’ was also more pronounced in participants with higher tendencies to accept myths about sexual aggression or general tendencies to objectify others. In conclusion, these results suggest that prevention campaigns promoting ‘sexting abstinence’ and thus attributing responsibility for non-consensual distribution of such images to the depicted persons are insufficient. Rather, it is necessary to emphasize the illegitimacy of the non-consensual distribution of sexting images, especially among male consumers of the material.

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Objectification and System Justification Impact Rape Avoidance Behaviors

Cited by 17 publications

References 58 publications

Rape myth acceptance as a relevant psychological construct in a gender-unequal context: The Hungarian adaptation of the updated Illinois rape myths acceptance scale

Rape myth acceptance as a relevant psychological construct in a gender-unequal context: The Hungarian adaptation of the updated Illinois rape myths acceptance scale

The Social Interaction Model of Objectification: A process model of goal‐based objectifying exchanges between men and women

(Don’t) Look at Me! How the Assumed Consensual or Non-Consensual Distribution Affects Perception and Evaluation of Sexting Images

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