Objective recognition of cough sound as biomarker for aerial pollutants

Hirtum, Annemie van; Berckmans, Daniël

doi:10.1046/j.1600-0668.2003.00195.x

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Os sons emitidos pelos animais podem ser monitorados, e suas frequências analisadas para avaliar o estado de saúde dos animais ( VAN HIRTUM & BERCKMANS, 2004). Segundo BOISSY et al (2007), a análise do comportamento e de vocalizações dos animais serão os indicadores promissores para avaliar respostas positivas dos animais estudados tanto em laboratório quanto em ambiente de produção intensiva.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeito das condições ambientais no nível de ruído emitido por leitões

et al. 2012

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RESUMO:Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a influência das variáveis ambientais nos níveis de ruídos emitidos por suínos e quantificar as faixas em dB comparativamente às condições de conforto térmico estabelecidas pela literatura. O experimento foi conduzido em câmara climática, onde foram alojados cinco leitões em fase de creche, submetidos à variação na temperatura ambiente de 20°C a 38°C e umidade relativa de 50% a 80%. Decibelímetros foram instalados para o registro dos níveis de ruídos e sensores dataloggers para os dados de temperatura e umidade relativa. O nível de atividade foi utilizado para quantificar a movimentação dos animais por intermédio de análise de imagens. Análises de correlação e regressão foram aplicadas nos dados para análise estatística. As variáveis ambientais influenciam na emissão de ruídos pelos leitões quando expostos a diferentes condições térmicas. Os níveis de ruídos foram estabelecidos em faixas de acordo com a condição térmica a que animais foram submetidos. Para a condição de conforto (20 a 23°C), níveis de ruídos na faixa de 70 a 75dB; condição de alerta (23 a 30°C), níveis de ruídos na faixa de 60 a 70dB e para condição de estresse térmico (acima de 30°C), na faixa de 55 a 60dB.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ruído animal; vocalização; temperatura; decibelímetro. EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON SOUND LEVEL EMITTED BY PIGLETS ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to assess the influence of environmental variables on sound level emitted by piglets, and to quantify the sound bands using dB compared to the conditions of thermal comfort established by the literature. The experiment was carried out at a climatic chamber, where five piglets at nursery stage were housed and submitted to a variation of the ambient temperature ranging from 28ºC to 38ºC and relative humidity ranging from 50% to 80%. Sound level meters were installed to record sound levels, and data loggers to record temperature and relative humidity data. The level of activity was used to quantify the animals' movement by means of image analysis. Correlation and regression analysis were applied in data for statistical analysis. Environmental variables have influence the sound level emitted by piglets when they are exposed to different thermal conditions. The sound levels were established in bands according to the thermal condition in which the animals are submitted. For comfort condition (20 to 23°C), sound level ranges from 70 to 75dB; for alert condition (23 to 30°C), sound level ranges from 60 to 70dB; and for thermal stress condition (above 30°C), it ranges from 55 to 60dB.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeito das condições ambientais no nível de ruído emitido por leitões

et al. 2012

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“…Diagnosis of respiratory disease is more complex than monitoring only one clinical sign and requires assessment of multiple signs (e.g., cough, fever, nasal discharge, lethargy, lung consolidation). Two articles excluded from this review monitored coughing with PLF technologies to assess air quality in swine productions [ 51 , 52 ]. Albeit air quality is a major risk factor for respiratory diseases, an alert based on air quality does not necessarily mean that the animals are sick.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Reliably Detect Respiratory Diseases through Precision Farming? A Systematic Review

Garrido

Sato

Costa

et al. 2023

Animals

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Respiratory diseases commonly affect livestock species, negatively impacting animal’s productivity and welfare. The use of precision livestock farming (PLF) applied in respiratory disease detection has been developed for several species. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate if PLF technologies can reliably monitor clinical signs or detect cases of respiratory diseases. A technology was considered reliable if high performance was achieved (sensitivity > 90% and specificity or precision > 90%) under field conditions and using a reliable reference test. Risk of bias was assessed, and only technologies tested in studies with low risk of bias were considered reliable. From 23 studies included—swine (13), poultry (6), and bovine (4) —only three complied with our reliability criteria; however, two of these were considered to have a high risk of bias. Thus, only one swine technology fully fit our criteria. Future studies should include field tests and use previously validated reference tests to assess technology’s performance. In conclusion, relying completely on PLF for monitoring respiratory diseases is still a challenge, though several technologies are promising, having high performance in field tests.

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“…In 18 of those 23 studies, the name or origin of the sensor was not provided; it was therefore impossible to identify its commercial availability or development stage. This applied to nine studies with camera-based technologies (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37), three studies on load-cells [a drinker (38), a scale (39), and a force plate (40)], two on RFID (41,42), two on accelerometer (including one on accelerometer and microchip for body-temperature) (43,44), one study on microphone (45), and one on load cells with RFID (46). In the other five of those 23 studies, the origin or location of the herds used, or the origin of the Flow meters 2 0 2…”

Section: Literature Search On Validation Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review on Validated Precision Livestock Farming Technologies for Pig Production and Its Potential to Assess Animal Welfare

et al. 2021

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Several precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies, conceived for optimizing farming processes, are developed to detect the physical and behavioral changes of animals continuously and in real-time. The aim of this review was to explore the capacity of existing PLF technologies to contribute to the assessment of pig welfare. In a web search for commercially available PLF for pigs, 83 technologies were identified. A literature search was conducted, following systematic review guidelines (PRISMA), to identify studies on the validation of sensor technologies for assessing animal-based welfare indicators. Two validation levels were defined: internal (evaluation during system building within the same population that were used for system building) and external (evaluation on a different population than during system building). From 2,463 articles found, 111 were selected, which validated some PLF that could be applied to the assessment of animal-based welfare indicators of pigs (7% classified as external, and 93% as internal validation). From our list of commercially available PLF technologies, only 5% had been externally validated. The more often validated technologies were vision-based solutions (n = 45), followed by load-cells (n = 28; feeders and drinkers, force plates and scales), accelerometers (n = 14) and microphones (n = 14), thermal cameras (n = 10), photoelectric sensors (n = 5), radio-frequency identification (RFID) for tracking (n = 2), infrared thermometers (n = 1), and pyrometer (n = 1). Externally validated technologies were photoelectric sensors (n = 2), thermal cameras (n = 2), microphone (n = 1), load-cells (n = 1), RFID (n = 1), and pyrometer (n = 1). Measured traits included activity and posture-related behavior, feeding and drinking, other behavior, physical condition, and health. In conclusion, existing PLF technologies are potential tools for on-farm animal welfare assessment in pig production. However, validation studies are lacking for an important percentage of market available tools, and in particular research and development need to focus on identifying the feature candidates of the measures (e.g., deviations from diurnal pattern, threshold levels) that are valid signals of either negative or positive animal welfare. An important gap identified are the lack of technologies to assess affective states (both positive and negative states).

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Objective recognition of cough sound as biomarker for aerial pollutants

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

Efeito das condições ambientais no nível de ruído emitido por leitões

Efeito das condições ambientais no nível de ruído emitido por leitões

Can We Reliably Detect Respiratory Diseases through Precision Farming? A Systematic Review

A Systematic Review on Validated Precision Livestock Farming Technologies for Pig Production and Its Potential to Assess Animal Welfare

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