Objectively Assessed Weight Change and All-Cause Mortality among Community-Dwelling Older People

Alharbi, Tagrid Abdullah G; Ryan, Joanne; Freak‐Poli, Rosanne; Gasevic, Danijela; Scali, Jacqueline; Ritchie, Karen; Ancelin, Marie-Laure; Owen, Alice

doi:10.3390/nu14142983

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Previous studies have reported an association between weight loss and subsequent mortality, but these studies included only a small number of older adults, typically with multiple comorbidities (eTable 14 in Supplement 1). Our study extends the previous observations by demonstrating a similar association among relatively healthy community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older. The results also showed that weight loss was more associated with mortality among men than women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…By contrast, the Guangzhou Biobank study showed that self-reported weight loss was associated with higher CVD mortality and cancer mortality . These studies differed from the present cohort by including participants with various chronic diseases and not adjusting for or excluding individuals with a recent hospitalization . Our study showed that weight loss was associated with all-cause mortality and an increase in all major causes of death, including cancer and CVD in an initially healthy population.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…13 These studies differed from the present cohort by including participants with various chronic diseases and not adjusting for or excluding individuals with a recent hospitalization. 13,22 Our study showed that weight loss was associated with all-cause mortality and an increase in all major causes of death, including cancer and CVD in an initially healthy population. In addition, our study showed that these results persisted even after adjustment for age, frailty status, baseline BMI, country of birth, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and hospitalization in the previous 24 months.…”

Section: Jama Network Open | Geriatricsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The Enquête de Santé Psychologique-Risques, Incidence et Traitement (ESPRIT) study showed that weight loss was associated with higher CVD mortality but not cancer mortality. 22 By contrast, the Guangzhou Biobank study showed that self-reported weight loss was associated with higher CVD mortality and cancer mortality. 13 These studies differed from the present cohort by including participants with various chronic diseases and not adjusting for or excluding individuals with a recent hospitalization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Two previous longitudinal studies examined the association of weight loss with CVD and cancer mortality and yielded conflicting results. The Enquête de Santé Psychologique-Risques, Incidence et Traitement (ESPRIT) study showed that weight loss was associated with higher CVD mortality but not cancer mortality . By contrast, the Guangzhou Biobank study showed that self-reported weight loss was associated with higher CVD mortality and cancer mortality .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of Change in Body Size With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Healthy Older Adults

et al. 2023

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ImportanceThe association between weight change and subsequent cause-specific mortality among older adults is not well described. The significance of changes in waist circumference (WC) has also not been compared with weight change for this purpose.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of changes in body weight and WC with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study is a post hoc analysis of data from the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) randomized clinical trial, which recruited participants between March 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. The study included community-based older adults (16 703 Australian participants aged ≥70 years and 2411 US participants aged ≥65 years) without evident cardiovascular disease (CVD), dementia, physical disability, or life-limiting chronic illness. Data analysis was performed from April to September 2022.ExposuresBody weight and WC were measured at baseline and at annual visit 2. Analysis models were adjusted for baseline body mass index because height and weight were measured at baseline, allowing for calculation of body mass index and other variables. Both body weight and WC changes were categorized as change within 5% (stable), decrease by 5% to 10%, decrease by more than 10%, increase by 5% to 10%, and increase by more than 10%.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll-cause, cancer-specific, CVD-specific, and noncancer non-CVD–specific mortality. Mortality events were adjudicated by an expert review panel. Cox proportional hazards regression and competing risk analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.ResultsAmong 16 523 participants (mean [SD] age, 75.0 [4.3] years; 9193 women [55.6%]), 1256 deaths were observed over a mean (SD) of 4.4 (1.7) years. Compared with men with stable weight, those with a 5% to 10% weight loss had a 33% higher (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.07-1.66) risk of all-cause mortality, and those with more than a 10% decrease in body weight had a 289% higher (HR, 3.89; 95% CI, 2.93-5.18) risk. Compared with women with stable weight, those with a 5% to 10% weight loss had a 26% higher (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.00-1.60) risk of all-cause mortality, and those with more than a 10% decrease in body weight had a 114% higher (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.58-2.91) risk. Weight loss was associated with a higher cancer-specific mortality (&gt;10% decrease among men: HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.26-5.40; 5%-10% decrease among women: HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.46-2.04; &gt;10% decrease among women: HR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.82-4.26), CVD-specific mortality (&gt;10% decrease among men: HR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.63-6.04; &gt;10% decrease among women: HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.05-3.51), and noncancer non-CVD–specific mortality (&gt;10% decrease among men: HR, 4.98; 95% CI, 3.14-7.91). A decrease in WC was also associated with mortality.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of healthy older adults suggests that weight loss was associated with an increase in all-cause and cause-specific mortality, including an increased risk of cancer, CVD, and other life-limiting conditions. Physicians should be aware of the significance of weight loss, especially among older men.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Jama Network Open | Geriatricsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of Change in Body Size With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Healthy Older Adults

et al. 2023

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Weight loss rather than weight gain has a detrimental effect on successful aging in older adults: A 4-year longitudinal study in China

Liu,

Pan

et al. 2024

Geriatric Nursing

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Longitudinal association between oral function and underweight onset among community‐dwelling older adults: Role of regular self‐weighing

Kubo,

Fujii,

Noguchi

et al. 2024

Special Care in Dentistry

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AimsRegular self‐weighing is effective in weight management and may help to mitigate the risk of underweight among older adults. We examined which factors of oral function are associated with a risk for underweight among community‐dwelling older adults and whether regular self‐weighing can mitigate that risk.MethodsThis was a cohort study. Self‐administered questionnaires were mailed to 7665 older adults in March 2019 (response rate 74.3%) and 7591 in March 2020 (response rate 74.7%). Among those who responded to both surveys, 3594 older adults who were not underweight in March 2019 were included (follow‐up rate: 59.2%). We examined the association between dysphagia, poor masticatory function, and dry mouth and the development of underweight, and whether regular self‐weighing reduced the risk for underweight.ResultsThe average age ± standard deviation of participants was 71.1 ± 3.4 years. There was a significant association between swallowing difficulty and the occurrence of underweight (odds ratio = 1.65, p = .012). However, this relationship did not differ significantly with regular self‐weighing (p = .477).ConclusionsThese study findings suggest that to prevent underweight among community‐dwelling older adults, it is important to focus on those with poor swallowing function.

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Objectively Assessed Weight Change and All-Cause Mortality among Community-Dwelling Older People

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

Associations of Change in Body Size With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Healthy Older Adults

Associations of Change in Body Size With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Healthy Older Adults

Weight loss rather than weight gain has a detrimental effect on successful aging in older adults: A 4-year longitudinal study in China

Longitudinal association between oral function and underweight onset among community‐dwelling older adults: Role of regular self‐weighing

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