Observation and analysis of fluidisation and flooding phenomena in lower blast furnace by model experiments

Abstract

A study has been carried out on abnormal flow phenomenon in the lower blast furnace (BF) for the purpose of the determination of appropriate measures to realise higher productivity and higher pulverised coal injection rate. An experimental apparatus was erected and tests were conducted under simulated BF conditions. Observations of the flow behaviour of gas, liquid and solid particles at varied gas and liquid flowrates revealed that typically, flooding occurred only in the systems with large, heavy particles, whereas typically fluidisation took place only in the systems with very light particles. A diagram of gas flowrate at flooding point against that at fluidisation point was created based on the test results. A conclusion that it is flooding which could possibly occur in the lower BF could be reached by using this diagram.

Optimization of Blast Furnace Productivity Coupled with CO2 Emissions Reduction

“…The generated heat is used in melting the burden and initiating several chemical reactions, to be a source of reducing gases and functions by means of reacting with hot blast and CO 2 at high temperature, due to high strength of coke compared to other fuels, to act as a permeable material to support raw materials inside the BF. It also creates the porous media for the upward motion of blast gases and downward movement of molten hot metal and slag, particularly in the lower zone of the furnace . For this reason, much attention must be paid to coke rate employment.…”

“…It also creates the porous media for the upward motion of blast gases and downward movement of molten hot metal and slag, particularly in the lower zone of the furnace. [35][36][37] For this reason, much attention must be paid to coke rate employment. In the BF, the rate of consumption is governed by the reducibility of the ore and sinter and the reactivity of the coke.…”

Optimizing the Coinjection of Natural Gas and Pulverized Coal for Indian Blast Furnaces Toward Productivity Gains and Lower‐Carbon Emissions

“…[ 26 ] The fluidization phenomena in the top part of the blast furnace may limit the blowing rate, thus offering an additional consideration for determining the production limit. [ 27 ] These theoretical limits depend on gas flow rate, slag rate, slag viscosity, coke particle size, and size of dust particles. Indian operators primarily rely on flooding criteria in the bosh region to determine the limit of production.…”