Observation and Interview-based Diurnal Sleepiness Inventory for measurement of sleepiness in older adults

Abstract

IntroductionThere is no established reference standard for subjective measures of sleepiness in older adults.MethodsThis study compares the Observation and Interview-based Diurnal Sleepiness Inventory (ODSI) with two existing instruments for measurement of sleepiness and daily functioning, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ).ResultsA total of 125 study participants were included in this study and were administered the ODSI, ESS and FOSQ; subjects had a mean age of 70.9 ± 5.27 years, mean Apnea–Hypopnea Index of 31.9 ± 27.9 events/hour and normal cognitive functioning (Mini-Mental State Examination score > 24). The ODSI showed a significant association with the ESS (Spearman’s ρ: 0.67, P < 0.001) and with the FOSQ (Spearman’s ρ: −0.52, P < 0.001). The ODSI 1 item (assessing sleepiness in active situations) was borderline significantly correlated with the ESS (β = 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.01 to 0.29; P = 0.069). ODSI 2 item (sleepiness in passive situations) was correlated with the ESS (β = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.98; P < 0.001). Both ODSI 1 (β = −0.15; 95% CI, −0.24 to −0.07; P < 0.001) and ODSI 2 (β = −0.35; 95% CI, −0.55 to 0.16; P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with the FOSQ.ConclusionThe ODSI is a suitable measure of sleepiness and is appropriate for usage in clinical care in older adults.

The Epworth sleepiness scale: Reliably unreliable in a sleep clinic population

“…When compared to the ESS the ODSI had acceptable validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability (Onen et al, ). Furthermore, when compared to the ESS and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), the ODSI has been found to be a suitable measure of sleepiness and appropriate for use in clinical care in older adults (Pak, Onen, Gooneratne, Falissard, & Onen, ).…”

Predictors of change over time in subjective daytime sleepiness among older adult recipients of long-term services and supports

“…Participants responded to this questionnaire at baseline and at each follow-up data collection point. The ESS has shown good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.70), reliability (Spira et al, 2012) and construct validity (Pak et al, 2017) in older adults.…”

Developing an Alternative Version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to Assess Daytime Sleepiness in Adults with Physical or Mental Disabilities

“…Suggestions of the experts to improve the assessment of EDS in older subjects included an interview format and a format to be able to question close relatives/other people with insight into the patient’s sleepiness, an item with a free response format, items assessing sleep propensity during leisure activities commonly performed by older persons such as playing with grandchildren, as well as items assessing actual sleep time during the night and day. An interview format and a format to be able to question close relatives/other people with insight into the older patient’s sleepiness as well as items assessing actual sleep time during the day were methods previously used in the 3-item ODSI [31, 32]. Most experts (42%) suggested a maximum of 10 items for a screening tool to assess daytime sleepiness in older persons, 8 items, like in the original ESS, was suggested as the maximum by 19% of all experts.…”