“…IOZ has been observed by many researchers and is reported to be associated with the formation of a Ni-rich region [13,14,19,20,23,42,44,45,65]. The Ni-rich region is also observed in front of the crack tips examined in this work, which is believed to be associated with the GBM [13,14,19,20,23,42,44,45,65]. Since the Nirich region is depleted in Cr and Fe, the formation of GBM is believed to be due to outward diffusion of Cr and Fe, which is referred to as diffusion induced GBM (DIGM) in the literature [13,19,20,23,42,44,45,65].…”