Observation of a multimode quasi-normal spectrum from a perturbed black hole

Capano, Collin D.; Cabero, M.; Westerweck, J.; Abedi, Jahed; Kastha, Shilpa; Nitz, A.; Nielsen, A. B.; Krishnan, B.

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2105.05238

Cited by 40 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Finally, our mechanism can excite all the overtones of the initial perturbation of azimuthal number m, and can therefore be complementary to mode-mixing excitations of different m modes. Overtones of the l = |m| = 2 mode are already being used in analyzing the ringdown of gravitational wave events to extract the mass and spin of the remnant [10], while higher angular modes in the ringdown have proven more elusive [11] (see however, [12]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, consistency between measured quasinormal frequencies (QNFs) and predicted final states based on inspiral measurements give rise to stringent tests of general relativity [8,9]. For particularly loud events, there is some observational evidence for modes beyond the fundamental (l, m) = (2, 2), consistency of which would test the no-hair theorem [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation

Sberna,

Bosch,

East

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Gravitational-wave observations of black hole ringdowns are commonly used to characterize binary merger remnants and to test general relativity. These analyses assume linear black hole perturbation theory, in particular that the ringdown can be described in terms of quasinormal modes even for times approaching the merger. Here we investigate a nonlinear effect during the ringdown, namely how a mode excited at early times can excite additional modes as it is absorbed by the black hole. This is a third-order secular effect: the change in the black-hole mass causes a shift in the mode spectrum, so that the original mode is projected onto the new ones. Using nonlinear simulations, we study the ringdown of a spherically-symmetric scalar field around an asymptotically anti-de Sitter black hole, and we find that this "absorption-induced mode excitation" (AIME) is the dominant nonlinear effect. We show that this effect takes place well within the nonadiabatic regime, so we can analytically estimate it using a sudden mass-change approximation. Adapting our estimation technique to asymptotically-flat Schwarzschild black holes, we expect AIME to play a role in the analysis and interpretation of current and future gravitational wave observations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation

Sberna,

Bosch,

East

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…,3,0) ringdown model [18] and NR stands for NRSur7dq4. The fixed sky location values are chosen for the most likelihood of sky location RA= 3.5 rad (right ascension) and Dec=0.73 rad (declination).…”

Section: E: Bayesian Evidence While Changing the Waveformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This provides a unique phenomenological window to search for deviations from GR, in spite of the uncertainty in the echo templates. As GW190521 holds the record for the most massive binary BH (BBH) merger and the loudest ringdown ever detected in GWs [16][17][18] it can be mostly modelled perturbatively. These features make GW190521 the ideal candidate to-date to look for potential evidence for GW echoes [19], which may subsequently test many proposals for quantum nature of BHs (e.g., [5,7,[20][21][22]).…”

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confidence: 99%

GW190521: First Measurement of Stimulated Hawking Radiation from Black Holes

Abedi¹,

Micchi²,

Afshordi³

2022

Preprint

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Being the most massive binary black hole black hole merger event observed to date, GW190521 is in a class of its own. The exceptionally loud ringdown of this merger makes it an ideal candidate to search for gravitational wave echoes, a proposed smoking gun for the quantum structure of black hole horizons. We perform an unprecedented multi-pronged search for echoes via two well-established and independent pipelines: a template-based search for stimulated emission of Hawking radiation, or Boltzmann echoes, and the model-agnostic coherent WaveBurst (cWB) search. Stimulated Hawking radiation from the merger is expected to lead to post-merger echoes at horizon mode frequency of ∼ 50 Hz (for quadrupolar gravitational radiation), repeating at intervals of ∼ 1 second, due to partial reflection off Planckian quantum structure of the horizon. A careful analysis using dynamic nested sampling yields a Bayesian evidence of 7 ± 2 (90% confidence level) for this signal following GW190521, carrying an excess of 10 +9 −7 % in gravitational wave energy, relative to the main event. Similarly, the reconstructed waveform of the first echo in cWB carries an energy excess of 13 +16 −7 %. Accounting for the "look-elsewhere" effects, we estimate a p-value for false detection probability of 5.1 × 10 −3 (or 2.6σ) using cWB pipeline, although the verdict on the co-localization of the post-merger echo and the main event in the sky is inconclusive. While the current evidence for stimulated Hawking radiation does not reach the gold standard of 5σ, our findings are in line with expectations for stimulated Hawking radiation at current detector sensitivities. The next generation of gravitational wave observatories can thus draw a definitive conclusion on the quantum nature of black hole horizons.

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“…Gravitational wave observations allow several families of tests of general relativity(GR) [6][7][8]. Many such tests can be done without waveform models, such as parameterized tests of post-Newtonian (PN) theory [9][10][11][12][13] or tests with the quasinormal ringdown frequencies [14][15][16]. However these tests rely on the analytic solutions from the perturbative regimes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing gravitational waveform models using angular momentum

Khera,

Ashtekar,

Krishnan

2021

Preprint

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The anticipated enhancements in detector sensitivity and the corresponding increase in the number of gravitational wave detections will make it possible to estimate parameters of compact binaries with greater accuracy assuming general relativity(GR), and also to carry out sharper tests of GR itself. Crucial to these procedures are accurate gravitational waveform models. The systematic errors of the models must stay below statistical errors to prevent biases in parameter estimation and to carry out meaningful tests of GR. Comparisons of the models against numerical relativity (NR) waveforms provide an excellent measure of systematic errors. A complementary approach is to use balance laws provided by Einstein's equations to measure faithfulness of a candidate waveform against exact GR. Each balance law focuses on a physical observable and measures the accuracy of the candidate waveform vis a vis that observable. Therefore, this analysis can provide new physical insights into sources of errors. In this paper we focus on the angular momentum balance law, using post-Newtonian theory to calculate the initial angular momentum, surrogate fits to obtain the remnant spin and waveforms from models to calculate the flux. The consistency check provided by the angular momentum balance law brings out the marked improvement in the passage from IMRPhenomPv2 to IMRPhenomXPHM and from SEOBNRv3 to SEOBNRv4PHM and shows that the most recent versions agree quite well with exact GR. For precessing systems, on the other hand, we find that there is room for further improvement, especially for the Phenom models.

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Observation of a multimode quasi-normal spectrum from a perturbed black hole

Cited by 40 publications

References 41 publications

Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation

Nonlinear effects in the black hole ringdown: absorption-induced mode excitation

GW190521: First Measurement of Stimulated Hawking Radiation from Black Holes

Testing gravitational waveform models using angular momentum

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