Observation of aerosols in the planetary boundary layer by using kytoon on R/V Mirai

Miura, Kazuhiko; Hara, Tetsu; Sato, Akira; Hoshino, Mituo; Hikata, A.; Yamazaki, Takao; Nakae, Sigeru; Kojima, Hiroshi; Uematsu, Masashi

doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(00)90743-2

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In addition, more sea-salt particles tend to be modified in the upper atmosphere on 15, 24 and 26 March. A similar tendency was also observed in the marine boundary layer of mid-latitudes (Miura et al, 2000). As mentioned above, the vertical features noted in the present study are observed largely in fine sea-salt particles owing to large losses of coarse sea-salt particles during the sampling.…”

Section: Vertical Features Of Sea-salt Modification Withsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Thus, sea‐salt modification and its vertical variation are likely to change their affinity for CCN formation in the UBL and LFT of the Arctic region. If the vertical aspect of sea‐salt modification occurs not only in the Arctic spring but also at mid‐latitudes, as suggested by Miura et al (2000), this vertical gradient may lead to a change an ability to form CCN and a significant release of gaseous reactive halogen species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, few field observations (Miura et al, 2000) have been made on profiles of sea‐salt particles and their modification in the UBL and LFT because of sampling difficulties in the upper atmosphere, particularly in the polar regions. Information on the vertical profiles of sea‐salt modification is important, since it will probably lead to a better understanding of atmospheric halogen cycles closely coupled to surface ozone depletion during the polar sunrise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical variations of sea-salt modification in the boundary layer of spring Arctic during the ASTAR 2000 campaign

Hara

Osada

Nishita³

et al. 2002

Tellus B

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Airborne and ground‐based aerosol/gas measurements were carried out in Svalbard between mid‐March and mid‐April 2000. From the viewpoint of vertical features of sea‐salt modification in the lower troposphere (≤1500 m) of the Arctic spring, more than 1000 individual sea‐salt particles were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM‐EDX) in the present study. Individual particle analysis suggested a vertical gradient of sea‐salt modification in fine sea‐salt particles with an altitude of 59–1485 m above sea level (asl), e.g. chlorine liberation rates of 33.0% (212 m asl) and 81.0% (1266 m asl) on 15 March, and 72.7% (100 m asl), 83.8% (495 m asl) and 95.8% (1411 m asl) on 26 March. Sea salts may be dominantly modified with SO2 and SO42− under Arctic haze conditions with higher SO2 concentration (≥2 nmol m−3), whereas they are dominantly modified with NO3− and reactive nitrogen oxides under Arctic background conditions, with [HNO3] of 0.15–1.3 nmol m−3 and [SO2] of 0.04–2 nmol m−3. Vertical trends in sea‐salt modification suggested that it makes a significant contribution to the formation of reactive halogen species in the upper boundary layer and the lower free troposphere of the spring Arctic.

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Section: Vertical Features Of Sea-salt Modification Withsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical variations of sea-salt modification in the boundary layer of spring Arctic during the ASTAR 2000 campaign

Hara

Osada

Nishita³

et al. 2002

Tellus B

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“…A recent model study by von Glasow and Sander [2001] suggested the enhancement of sea-salt modification, which is related closely to atmospheric halogen chemistry and O 3 cycles, in the upper marine boundary layer. Field aerosol measurements also showed similar vertical gradient of sea-salt modification in the marine boundary layer [Miura et al, 2000], and the Arctic region (obtained from the present campaign) [Hara et al, 2002]. Moreover, K. Hara et al (manuscript in preparation, 2003) suggested relationship between surface O 3 depletion events during the polar sunrise and air mass transport from the free troposphere and upper marine boundary layer to lower marine boundary layer.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Mixing states of individual aerosol particles in spring Arctic troposphere during ASTAR 2000 campaign

Hara¹

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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The present study mainly focuses on the mixing states of aerosol constituents and their vertical distribution in spring Arctic troposphere during the ASTAR 2000 campaign (T. Yamanouchi et al., Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation (ASTAR) campaign: An overview and first results, submitted to Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2002) (hereinafter referred to as Yamanouchi et al., submitted manuscript, 2002). Sulfate and soot were identified as major aerosol under both Arctic haze and background conditions, and sea‐salts are major only in lower troposphere (<3 km above sea level). Mineral/dusts and unknown species were obtained as minor constituents during the ASTAR 2000 campaign. Airborne aerosol measurements were carried out under the Arctic haze (23 March), and aerosol‐enriched (20 March and 12 April) conditions. The highest relative abundance of soot (∼94.7%) was observed in free troposphere on 23 March, when the heaviest Arctic haze condition during the ASTAR 2000 campaign (Yamanouchi et al., submitted manuscript, 2002) was transported directly from Russian industrial regions to the measuring area for several days. Moreover, whereas the external mixing of soot and sulfate dominated under the Arctic haze and aerosol enriched conditions, in the background conditions the internal mixing is dominant. On the other hand, most of aerosol particles containing sulfate had the external mixing states with soot and other aerosol constituents in the free troposphere under both the Arctic haze and background conditions. Sea‐salts are dominant only in the lower troposphere (<3 km asl), although a few sea‐salt particles were observed in the middle‐upper troposphere (3–7 km). Some sea‐salt particles were modified (Cl− depleted) in the lower troposphere (<3 km) during the ASTAR 2000 campaign.

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“…However, few field observations (Miura et al, 2000) have been made on profiles of sea-salt particles and their modification in the UBL and LFT because of sampling difficulties in the upper atmosphere, partic- ularly in the polar regions. Information on the vertical profiles of sea-salt modification is important, since it will probably lead to a better understanding of atmospheric halogen cycles closely coupled to surface ozone depletion during the polar sunrise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical variations of sea-salt modification in the boundary layer of spring Arctic during the ASTAR 2000 campaign

Hara

Osada

Nishita

et al. 2002

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Airborne and ground-based aerosol/gas measurements were carried out in Svalbard between mid-March and mid-April 2000. From the viewpoint of vertical features of sea-salt modification in the lower troposphere (≤1500 m) of the Arctic spring, more than 1000 individual sea-salt particles were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) in the present study. Individual particle analysis suggested a vertical gradient of sea-salt modification in fine sea-salt particles with an altitude of 59-1485 m above sea level (asl), e.g. chlorine liberation rates of 33.0% (212 m asl) and 81.0% (1266 m asl) on 15 March, and 72.7% (100 m asl), 83.8% (495 m asl) and 95.8% (1411 m asl) on 26 March. Sea salts may be dominantly modified with SO 2 and SO 2− 4 under Arctic haze conditions with higher SO 2 concentration (≥2 nmol m −3 ), whereas they are dominantly modified with NO − 3 and reactive nitrogen oxides under Arctic background conditions, with [HNO 3 ] of 0.15-1.3 nmol m −3 and [SO 2 ] of 0.04-2 nmol m −3 . Vertical trends in sea-salt modification suggested that it makes a significant contribution to the formation of reactive halogen species in the upper boundary layer and the lower free troposphere of the spring Arctic.

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Observation of aerosols in the planetary boundary layer by using kytoon on R/V Mirai

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Vertical variations of sea-salt modification in the boundary layer of spring Arctic during the ASTAR 2000 campaign

Vertical variations of sea-salt modification in the boundary layer of spring Arctic during the ASTAR 2000 campaign

Mixing states of individual aerosol particles in spring Arctic troposphere during ASTAR 2000 campaign

Vertical variations of sea-salt modification in the boundary layer of spring Arctic during the ASTAR 2000 campaign

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