Observation of attenuation behaviour of hadrons in extremely high energy cosmic ray interactions: New hadronic state?

Arisawa, T.; Fujimoto, Y.; Hasegawa, S.; Honda, K.; Itô, Hiroshi; Kopenkin, V.; Semba, H.; Tamada, M.; Yokoi, K.; Fedorova, G. F.; Ivanenko, I. P.; Managadze, A. K.; Mikhailova, I. A.; Popova, E.; Rakobolskaya, I.V.; Роганова, Т. М.; Sveshnikova, L. G.; Strogova, O.P.

doi:10.1016/0550-3213(94)90295-x

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Sudden appearance of penetrative primaries capable to carry larger part of its initial energy through the atmosphere agrees as well with observation, in the same energy range, of the long-flying cosmic ray component in the former high altitude experiments at Tien Shan and Pamir [16,17,18,49].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Scaling violation in interaction of cosmic ray hadrons and the nature of the 3 PeV knee in the spectrum of primary cosmic rays

Shaulov,

Shepetov,

Kupriyanova

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Energy spectra of the most energetic hadrons in the core region of extensive air showers (EAS) were studied in dependence on the EAS energy E 0 in the hybrid experiment HADRON at the Tien Shan mountain cosmic ray station. For the first time by direct measurement it was found in this experiment that the slope of the power energy spectrum of EAS hadrons diminishes itself locally, and the average hadron energy, correspondingly, increases between the E 0 borders 3 PeV and 20 PeV. Such behavior agrees with threshold appearance in EAS, in the same energy range, of a long-flying penetrative component which was earlier revealed at the Tien Shan station. Now we reconsider this Tien Shan result in comparison with the new data of modern collider experiments. The analysis permits to state unambiguously an astrophysical nature of the penetrative EAS component, and to discuss its probable connection with the origin of the famous knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays at E 0 3 PeV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Scaling violation in interaction of cosmic ray hadrons and the nature of the 3 PeV knee in the spectrum of primary cosmic rays

Shaulov,

Shepetov,

Kupriyanova

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Besides determination of the energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays and energy dependence of different EAS characteristics in the knee region, as a result of these measurements some uncommon effects where found which can hardly be in agreement, and some of them do explicitly contradict to existing standard models of shower development in the atmosphere, such the anomalous increase of the absorption length of shower cascade at the primary energy E 0 10 15 eV (the so called effect of long-flying component) [27,28,29,30]; the gamma-families with halo [31,32,33], the alignment of the most energetic cascades in the gamma-and hadron families [34,35,36], anomalously high muon multiplicity in the EAS with gamma-families [37], abrupt scaling violation in the energy spectra of particular gammaquanta in gamma-families [38]. A common characteristic feature of all these effects is their tendency to group just within the central part of EAS where the most energetic hadrons are concentrated which conserve the movement direction of the primary cosmic ray particle in the laboratory coordinate frame.…”

Section: The Cosmic Ray Study At the Tien Shan Mountain Stationmentioning

confidence: 96%

New complex EAS installation of the Tien Shan mountain cosmic ray station

Chubenko

Shepetov

Antonova

et al. 2016

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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In this paper we present a description of the new complex installation for the study of extensive air showers which was created at the Tien Shan mountain cosmic ray station, as well as the results of the test measurements made there in 2014-2016. At present, the system for registration of electromagnetic shower component consists of ∼100 detector points built on the basis of plastic scintillator plates with the sensitive area of 0.25m 2 and 1m 2 , spread equidistantly over ∼10 4 m 2 space. The dynamic range of scintillation amplitude measurements is currently about (3 − 7) · 10 4 , and there is a prospect of it being extended up to ∼10 6 . The direction of shower arrival is defined by signal delays from a number of the scintillators placed cross-wise at the periphery of the detector system. For the investigation of nuclear active shower components there was created a multi-tier 55m 2 ionization-neutron calorimeter with a sum absorber thickness of ∼1000g/cm 2 , typical spatial resolution of the order of 10cm, and dynamic range of ionization measurement channel about ∼10 5 . Also, the use of saturation-free neutron detectors is anticipated for registration of the high-and lowenergy hadron components in the region of shower core. A complex of underground detectors is designed for the study of muonic and penetrative nuclear-active components of the shower.The full stack of data acquisition, detector calibration, and shower parameters restoration procedures are now completed, and the newly obtained shower size spectrum and lateral distribution of shower particles occur in agreement with conventional data. Future studies in the field of 10 14 − 10 17 eV cosmic ray physics to be held at the new shower installation are discussed.

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“…Characteristics of very-high-energy cosmic-ray interactions above ∼ 10 15 eV can hardly be explained in terms of standard ideas regarding hadronic interactions which we know from lower energy accelerator experiments. Above this threshold appears a wide spectrum of exotic events, known as centauro species [1,2], superfamilies with 'halo' [3], the strongly penetrating component [4,5], etc. Monte Carlo simulations show that they could not originate from any kind of statistical fluctuations of 'normal' hadronic interactions which indicates that some new mechanism might appear in this energy range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the strongly penetrating component a sign of the strangelet passage through matter?

Gładysz-Dziaduś

Włodarczyk

1997

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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We investigate the possible connection between the multimodal events (MME) observed in very high energy extensive air showers by the HORIZON experiment and the so-called strongly penetrating component observed in the homogenous lead emulsion chambers of the Pamir and Chacaltaya Experiments. We found that both experimental observations could be connected one to the other, and could be the manifestation of the same physical process, i.e. penetration of a strangelet through the matter. In the first case a strangelet produces the many-maxima long range cascades observed in the homogenous lead emulsion chambers. In the second one the successive interactions of a strangelet in the air are seen in the HORIZON detectors as the consecutive signals. Time intervals between signals are between several dozen to several hundred nanoseconds.

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Observation of attenuation behaviour of hadrons in extremely high energy cosmic ray interactions: New hadronic state?

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Scaling violation in interaction of cosmic ray hadrons and the nature of the 3 PeV knee in the spectrum of primary cosmic rays

Scaling violation in interaction of cosmic ray hadrons and the nature of the 3 PeV knee in the spectrum of primary cosmic rays

New complex EAS installation of the Tien Shan mountain cosmic ray station

Is the strongly penetrating component a sign of the strangelet passage through matter?

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