Observation of charge-dependent azimuthal correlations and possible local strong parity violation in heavy-ion collisions

Abelev, B. I.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Anderson, B. D.; Arkhipkin, D.; Averichev, G. S.; Balewski, J.; Barannikova, O.; Barnby, L. S.; Baumgart, Stephen; Beavis, D.; Bellwied, R.; Benedosso, F.; Betancourt, M.; Betts, R. R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bichsel, H.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Biritz, B.; Bland, L. C.; Bnzarov, I.; Bonner, B. E.; Bouchet, J.; Braidot, E.; Brandin, A. V.; Bridgeman, A.; Bruna, E.; Bueltmann, S.; Burton, T. P.; Cai, X. Z.; Caines, H.; Sánchez, M. Calderón De La Barca; Catu, O.; Cebra, D.; Cendejas, R.; Cervantes, M. C.; Chajęcki, Z.; Chaloupka, P.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, H. F.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, J. Y.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Chikanian, A.; Choi, K.; Christie, W.; Chung, P.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Corliss, R.; Cormier, Thomas Michael; Cosentino, M. R.; Cramer, J. G.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, D.; Dash, S.; Daugherity, M.; Silva, L. C. De; Dedovich, T. G.; Dephillips, M.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Souza, R. Derradi de; Didenko, L.; Djawotho, P.; Dzhordzhadze, V.; Dogra, S.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; Mazumdar, M. R. Dutta; Efimov, L. G.; Elhalhuli, E.; Elnimr, M.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Eun, L.; Fachini, P.; Fatemi, R.; Fedorišin, J.; Feng, A.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ganti, M. S.; García-Solis, E.; Geromitsos, A.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Ghosh, P.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; Gordon, A.; Grebenyuk, O. G.; Grosnick, D.; Grube, B.; Guertin, S. M.; Guimaraes, K. S.F.F.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, N.; Guryn, W.; Haag, B.; Hallman, T. J.; Hamed, A.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hjort, E.; Hoffman, A. M.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Huang, H. Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Huo, L.; Igo, G.; Iordanova, A.; Jacobs, P.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jakl, P.; Jena, C.; Jin, F.; Jones, C. L.; Jones, P. G.; Joseph, J.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kajimoto, K.; Kang, K.; Kapitan, J.; Kauder, K.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Kettler, David; Khodyrev, V. Yu; Kikoła, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Kisiel, A.; Klein, S. R.; Knospe, A. G.; Kocoloski, A.; Koetke, D. D.; Konzer, J.; Kopytine, M.; Koralt, I.; Korsch, W.; Kotchenda, L.; Kouchpil, V.; Кравцов, П.; Kravtsov, V. I.; Krueger, K.; Krůs, M.; Kumar, L.; Kurnadi, P.; Lamont, M. A.C.; Landgraf, J. M.; LaPointe, S.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednický, R.; Lee, C.-H.; Lee, J. H.; Leight, W. A.; LeVine, M. J.; Li, C.; Li, N.; Li, Y.; Lin, G.; Lindenbaum, S. J.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Liu, H.; Liu, J.; Liu, L.; Ljubičić, T.; Llope, W. J.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Lu, Y.; Ludlam, T.; L., G.; G., Y.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Majka, R.; Mall, O.; Mangotra, L. K.; Manweiler, R.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; McDonald, D.; McShane, T. S.; Meschanin, A.; Milner, R.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mischke, A.; Mohanty, B.; Морозов, Д. А.; Munhoz, M. G.; Nandi, B. K.; Nattrass, C.; Nayak, T. K.; Nelson, J. M.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Ng, M. J.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Okada, H.; Okorokov, V.; Olson, D.; Pachr, M.; Page, B. S.; Pal, S. K.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlak, T.; Peitzmann, T.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Perkins, C.; Peryt, W.; Phatak, S. C.; Pile, P.; Planinić, M.; Płoskoń, M.; Pluta, J.; Plyku, D.; Poljak, N.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Potukuchi, B.; Prindle, D.; Pruneau, C.; Pruthi, N. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Putschke, J.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Ray, R. L.; Redwine, R.; Reed, R.; Ridiger, A.; Ritter, H.G.; Roberts, J.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Rose, A.; Roy, C.; Ruan, L.; Russcher, M. J.; Sahoo, R.; Sakai, S.; Sakrejda, I.; Sakuma, T.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Schambach, J.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schmitz, N.; Seele, J.; Seger, J.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Semertzidis, Yannis K.; Seyboth, P.; Shahaliev, E.; Shao, M.; Sharma, Meenakshi; Shi, S. S.; Shi, X.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Simon, F.; Singaraju, R.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, N.; Sorensen, P.; Sowiński, J.; Spinka, H.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Staszak, D.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo; Suarez, M. C.; Subba, N. L.; Šumbera, M.; Sun, X. M.; Sun, Y. J.; Sun, Z.; Surrow, B.; Symons, T. J. M.; Toledo, A. Szanto de; Takahashi, J.; Tang, A. H.; Tang, Z.; Tarini, L. H.; Tarnowsky, T.; Thein, D.; Thomas, J. H.; Tian, J.; Timmins, A. R.; Timoshenko, S.; Tlusty, D.; Tokarev, M.; Tram, V. N.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tsai, O. D.; Ulery, J.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Buren, G. Van; Nieuwenhuizen, G. van; Vanfossen, J. A.; Varma, R.; Vasconcelos, G. M.S.; Vasiliev, A.; Videbæk, F.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Vokál, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Wada, M.; Walker, M.; Wang, F.; Wang, G.; Wang, H.; Wang, J. S.; Wang, Q.; Wang, X.; Wang, X. L.; Wang, Y.; Webb, G.; Webb, J. C.; Westfall, G. D.; Whitten, C.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y.; Xie, W.; Xu, N.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, Y.; Xu, Z.; Yang, Y.; Yepes, P.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I. K.; Yue, Q.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zhan, W.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, W. M.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhao, Y.; Chen, Zhong; Zhou, Jing; Zhu, X.; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.; Zuo, J. X.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.81.054908

Cited by 320 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Recent measurements [79] indicate that the observables that are sensitive to the chiral magnetic effect that were seen previously in high energy heavy ion collisions [80][81][82][83] persist robustly down to collision energies corresponding to baryon chemical potentials µ B > 0.3 GeV, meaning µ V > 0.1 GeV.…”

Section: Jhep10(2015)018mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral drag force

Rajagopal

Sadofyev

2015

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Abstract:We provide a holographic evaluation of novel contributions to the drag force acting on a heavy quark moving through strongly interacting plasma. The new contributions are chiral in the sense that they act in opposite directions in plasmas containing an excess of left-or right-handed quarks. The new contributions are proportional to the coefficient of the axial anomaly, and in this sense also are chiral. These new contributions to the drag force act either parallel to or antiparallel to an external magnetic field or to the vorticity of the fluid plasma. In all these respects, these contributions to the drag force felt by a heavy quark are analogous to the chiral magnetic effect (CME) on light quarks. However, the new contribution to the drag force is independent of the electric charge of the heavy quark and is the same for heavy quarks and antiquarks, meaning that these novel effects do not in fact contribute to the CME current. We show that although the chiral drag force can be non-vanishing for heavy quarks that are at rest in the local fluid rest frame, it does vanish for heavy quarks that are at rest in a suitably chosen frame. In this frame, the heavy quark at rest sees counterpropagating momentum and charge currents, both proportional to the axial anomaly coefficient, but feels no drag force. This provides strong concrete evidence for the absence of dissipation in chiral transport, something that has been predicted previously via consideration of symmetries. Along the way to our principal results, we provide a general calculation of the corrections to the drag force due to the presence of gradients in the flowing fluid in the presence of a nonzero chemical potential. We close with a consequence of our result that is at least in principle observable in heavy ion collisions, namely an anticorrelation between the direction of the CME current for light quarks in a given event and the direction of the kick given to the momentum of all the heavy quarks and antiquarks in that event.

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Section: Jhep10(2015)018mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral drag force

Rajagopal

Sadofyev

2015

J. High Energ. Phys.

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“…In this situation, the magnetic field created by the spectator nucleons may initiate a charge separation relative to the reaction plane (parallel to the electro-magnetic field) [15]. The resulting charge asymmetry of quarks would become observable in terms of recombined hadrons (chiral-magnetic effect) [16,17]. The strength (and particularly the dependence on the collision energy) of this effect has been…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-color QCD with non-zero chiral chemical potential

Брагута

Goy

Ilgenfritz

et al. 2015

J. High Energ. Phys.

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The phase diagram of two-color QCD with non-zero chiral chemical potential is studied by means of lattice simulation. We focus on the influence of a chiral chemical potential on the confinement/deconfinement phase transition and the breaking/restoration of chiral symmetry. The simulation is carried out with dynamical staggered fermions without rooting. The dependences of the Polyakov loop, the chiral condensate and the corresponding susceptibilities on the chiral chemical potential and the temperature are presented. The critical temperature is observed to increase with increasing chiral chemical potential.

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“…In this case, one can test a specific consequence of chiral anomaly for the transport of electric charge -the chiral magnetic effect (CME) [52], see [53,54] for reviews and additional references. Evidence for the CME and related phenomena has been reported by STAR Collaboration at RHIC [55][56][57] and ALICE Collaboration at the LHC [58]. Reaching an unambiguous conclusion on the existence of CME in heavy ion collisions however is a challenging task, as there are substantial backgrounds.…”

Section: Kharzeev: Chiral Matter In Qcd and Condensed Matter Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%