Observation of coherent Raman scattering in thin-film optical waveguides

Hetherington, W. M.; Wyck, N. E. Van; Koenig, E. W.; Stegeman, George I.; Fortenberry, R. M.

doi:10.1364/ol.9.000088

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Waveguide Raman spectroscopy (WRS), using guided mode excitation [29,30] has been applied to thin organic and polymeric films, to probe spontaneous [38] and coherent [39] scattering, and very recently, to sol-gel derived planar germanosilicate [40] waveguides and lead titanate [41] films. The refractive index of these organic and oxide materials allows the use of high-index glass prisms such as LaSF5 (n ∼ 1.8) for coupling a range of propagation vectors into the waveguide structure.…”

Section: Nir Waveguide and Micro-raman Spectroscopy Of Chalcogenide Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Glassy Chalcogenide Materials for Integrated Optics Applications

Richardson¹,

Cardinal

Richardson

et al. 2003

Photo‐Induced Metastability in Amorphous Semiconductors

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Next generation devices for telecommunication and related applications will rely on the development of materials which possess optimized physical properties that are compatible with packaging requirements for systems in planar or fiber form. This allows suitable "integration" to existing fiber-based applications and hence requires appropriate consideration to material choice, its stability and long-term aging behavior. Included within this chapter are results of recent efforts to engineer materials suitable for such integration. First, needs for integrated optics and the attractiveness of chalcogenide-based glasses (ChGs) are reviewed. Second, the flexibility offered within the As-S-Se glass system is discussed, and comparisons are drawn between glasses in bulk and film forms. Following a description of the chemical systems and the properties evaluated on materials in bulk glass and film form, results of efforts to create components and characterize key structural attributes of such elements are described. The property differences and characterization tools employed to realize these data are presented. Efforts have been made in these studies to process and characterize the resulting structures in the form to be used in their final device geometry. Lastly, the ability to photo-induce changes within these glasses are discussed and key issues of such modification are reviewed. Described are results of efforts to tailor optical properties concurrent with structural stability, and to evaluate changes to these properties which result during photo-modification and subsequent aging. Chalcogenide Glasses for Near-Infrared (NIR) OpticsTwo characteristics of As-S-(Se) compounds -a large glass forming region and a wide optical transmission band, with potentially low loss for the 1.3-1.55 µm telecommunications window -make them excellent candidates for infrared guiding applications. The ability to process these glasses in substantial quantities in their bulk form, and their demonstrated capability of fabricating good optical quality thin films formed by thermal evaporation and other deposition techniques, enables the realization of relatively low cost As-S-(Se) integrated optical components. With appropriate consideration of function and application, such components can be "integrated" onto a single "chip" or substrate.In complementary work to that described elsewhere in this text, we and our collaborators have demonstrated a range of optical functions that can be realized in these glasses, including rare earth (Pr and Er) doping and emission in key telecommunication wavelengths, fabricationPhoto-Induced Metastability in Amorphous Semiconductors. Edited by Alexander V. Kolobov

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Section: Nir Waveguide and Micro-raman Spectroscopy Of Chalcogenide Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Glassy Chalcogenide Materials for Integrated Optics Applications

Richardson¹,

Cardinal

Richardson

et al. 2003

Photo‐Induced Metastability in Amorphous Semiconductors

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“…As with spontaneous Raman, CARS also benefits from the waveguide structure through the large interaction volume. Large signal levels were predicted 6 and measured for thick polystyrene waveguides and even for monolayers. − The advantage of this technique over spontaneous Raman is the lack of fluorescence. The major drawback, however, is the high nonresonant background of the waveguide, which in the case of monolayer detection obscures weak Raman signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Stimulated Raman Gain Spectroscopy of Thin Layers Using Dielectric Waveguides

1996

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In this paper we show the possibility of measuring Raman spectra of thin layers using waveguide stimulated Raman gain spectroscopy (WSRG). In WSRG, the thin layer is probed by the evanescent field of the pump and Stokes beams as they propagate as guiding modes in an optical dielectric waveguide structure. We have measured the Raman spectrum of a 30 nm thin polystyrene layer that was deposited on top of a Si 3 N 4 waveguide. The measured gain of the strong 1000 cm -1 benzene ring stretch vibration was found to be 10 -3 , which is about 5 orders of magnitude higher than for a classical transmission geometry. Additionally, we show the advantage of this technique over spontaneous Raman scattering in waveguides in the case of strongly fluorescing waveguides.

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“…Using the planar optical waveguide geometry has allowed the efficient generation of CARS signals in polystyrene waveguides. 5 The anticipated surface sensitivity, utilizing an interference effect in the waveguide film, was realized by the detection of a CARS spectrum from a thin film of Ti02 on a Nb2Os waveguide.6 Identification of adsorption sites for pyridine and phenol on a hydroxylated ZnO surface demonstrated the value of waveguide CARS as a surface spectroscopy. 7 In this work, we utilize the unique attributes of surface CARS to obtain the vibrational frequency of very weakly bound 32g" 02.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering of molecular oxygen adsorbed on a zinc oxide optical waveguide

Ho¹,

Wijekoon²,

Koenig³

et al. 1987

J. Phys. Chem.

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energy of one hydrogen bond.13 The direct relation between the activation energy A£a (and therefore the dielectric relaxation time) and the hydrogen bonds energy AH has been confirmed in the studies performed for solutions of DEU in benzene. The IR studies showed (Table I) that in benzene the value of AH is lower by 4 kJ/mol, i.e. by 1.6 in (13) Hasted, J. B. In Structure of Water and Aqueous Solutions, Luck,

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Observation of coherent Raman scattering in thin-film optical waveguides

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

Engineering Glassy Chalcogenide Materials for Integrated Optics Applications

Engineering Glassy Chalcogenide Materials for Integrated Optics Applications

Stimulated Raman Gain Spectroscopy of Thin Layers Using Dielectric Waveguides

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering of molecular oxygen adsorbed on a zinc oxide optical waveguide

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