Observation of Coiled Blood Plexus in Rat Skin with Diffusive Light Illumination

Ogay, Vyacheslav; Min, Flora; Kim, KwanHyung; Kim, JaiSoon; Bae, Kyung Hee; Han, Sang Chul; Soh, Kwang–Sup

doi:10.1016/s2005-2901(09)60016-9

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the early 1960s, Kim reported that the Bonghan corpuscle (denoting PN) corresponding to acupuncture meridians/acupoints was present in the subcutaneous tissue layer and was connected by a bundle of blood vessels and Bonghan ducts (denoting PVs) [ 1 , 2 ]. Recently, in 2009, Ogay et al observed a series of blood vessel plexuses at the putative acupuncture points along the left and right kidney meridians in the abdominal subcutaneous tissue layer of rats by using a diffusive light illumination of the region of skin [ 15 ]. This report elucidated the morphometric scales of the blood vessel plexus at the kidney and stomach meridians, which are 4-5 mm and 2 cm from the conception vessel meridian in rats by 6–12 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Kim's claim in the 1960s that the PVS is a reality of acupuncture meridians [ 1 ], more recent research has sought to identify the PVS in the skin or hypodermis, where the putative acupoints are located. For example, in 2009, Ogay et al [ 15 ] showed a series of blood plexuses at the putative acupoints along the left and right kidney meridian lines in the abdominal skin of rats using a diffusive light illumination technique. In 2010, Lee and Soh [ 16 ] reported a trypan blue-stained structure along the skin skeletal muscles in the hypodermal layer of a rat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Primo-Vascular System in Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue Layer of Rats

Lim

Lee

Ryu

2015

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The primo-vascular system (PVS) is a novel network identified in various animal tissues. However, the PVS in subcutaneous tissue has not been well identified. Here, we examined the putative PVS on the surface of abdominal subcutaneous tissue in rats. Hemacolor staining revealed dark blue threadlike structures consisting of nodes and vessels, which were frequently observed bundled with blood vessels. The structure was filled with various immune cells including mast cells and WBCs. In the structure, there were inner spaces (20–60 µm) with low cellularity. Electron microscopy revealed a bundle structure and typical cytology common with the well-established organ surface PVS, which were different from those of the lymphatic vessel. Among several subcutaneous (sc) PVS tissues identified on the rat abdominal space, the most outstanding was the scPVS aligned along the ventral midline. The distribution pattern of nodes and vessels in the scPVS closely resembled that of the conception vessel meridian and its acupoints. In conclusion, our results newly revealed that the PVS is present in the abdominal subcutaneous tissue layer and indicate that the scPVS tissues are closely correlated with acupuncture meridians. Our findings will help to characterize the PVS in the other superficial tissues and its physiological roles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Primo-Vascular System in Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue Layer of Rats

Lim

Lee

Ryu

2015

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…There are 361 defined acupuncture points (anatomic sites), and these can be located using published acupuncture texts, charts, and anatomical landmarks (White et al, 2008). The majority of defined acupuncture points correspond to neurovascular bundle locations (Dung, 1984;Ogay et al, 2009;Robinson, 2009), and stimulation of these points generates a peripheral afferent signal that can initiate endogenous opioid release (Uchida et al, 2003), release of vasodilation peptides (Dawidson et al, 1999;Lundeberg, 1993), and/or stimulation of CNS that can influence hormonal regulation (Jedel et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2009). Nonhuman primates can be trained to accept acupuncture and laser therapy (see below) using PRT techniques.…”

Section: Acupuncturementioning

confidence: 99%

Nonhuman Primates

Magden

Mansfield²,

Simmons

et al. 2015

Laboratory Animal Medicine

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“…In acupuncture theory of meridians the conception vessel runs along the linea alba where the acupoints CV 8 and 14 are at the umbilicus and the xiphoid, respectively, as indicated in Fig 1A . The abdominal wall fat band (AWFB) of a rat is located in the peritoneum side of the abdominal wall along the line corresponding to the CV [ 5 ]. There are prominent blood vessels in the AWFB running along the CV line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of a Flowing Duct in the Abdominal Wall by Using Nanoparticles

Jang¹,

Yoon²,

Gil³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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The primo vascular system (PVS) is being established as a circulatory system that corresponds to acupuncture meridians. There have been two critical questions in making the PVS accepted as a novel liquid flowing system. The first one was directly to show the flow of liquid in PVS and the second one was to explain why it was not observed in the conventional histological study of animal tissues. Flow in the PVS in the abdominal cavity was previously verified by injecting Alcian blue into a primo node. However, the tracing of the dye to other subsystems of the PVS has not been done. In the current work we injected fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs) into a primo node and traced them along a primo vessel which was inside a fat tissue in the abdominal wall. Linea alba is a white middle line in the abdominal skin of a mammal and a band of fat tissue is located in parallel to the linea alba in the parietal side of the abdominal wall of a rat. In this fat band a primo vessel runs parallel to the prominent blood vessels in the fat band and is located just inside the parietal peritoneum. About the second question on the reason why the PVS was not in conventional histological study the current work provided the answer. Histological analysis with hematoxyline and eosine, Masson’s trichrome, and Toluidine blue could not discriminate the primo vessel even when we knew the location of the PVS by the trace of the FNPs. This clearly explains why the PVS is hard to observe in conventional histology: it is not a matter of resolution but the contrast. The PVS has very similar structure to the connective tissues that surround the PVS. In the current work we propose a method to find the PVS: Observation of mast cell distribution with toluidine blue staining and the PN has a high density of mast cells, while the lymph node has low density.

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Observation of Coiled Blood Plexus in Rat Skin with Diffusive Light Illumination

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Identification of Primo-Vascular System in Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue Layer of Rats

Identification of Primo-Vascular System in Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue Layer of Rats

Nonhuman Primates

Observation of a Flowing Duct in the Abdominal Wall by Using Nanoparticles

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