Observation of free hydroxyl groups on the surface of ultra thin ice layers on Ni(110)

Callen, B. W.; Griffiths, K.; Norton, P. R.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(92)90211-n

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The temperature dependence of the amount of micropores in nc-ice has been explained earlier by an increase in the surface mobility of incoming molecules with increasing temperature. 29 We conclude therefore that the OH db's are likely located on the highly convoluted external surface of the nc-ice film, which is in general accord with the studies by Callen et al, 27 Rowland and Devlin, 15 Horn et al, 28 and Zondlo et al 29 We further suggest that the nc-ice vapordeposited at 128 K or higher temperature may have a "tracery" organization at least in the near-surface region that could give rise to the OH db signal. In the case of thin nc-ice film, the OH db's are most likely located on the external surface of the film, whereas with the increase in the film thickness the "openwork" character of the near-surface region (that would enhance the OH db signal) is likely preferred.…”

Section: Noncrystalline Ice Deposition At 128-145 Ksupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The absence of the db feature corresponding to two-coordinated molecules shows that near 130 K newly adsorbed water molecules have sufficient energy for local surface reconstruction giving rise to the production of triply coordinated sites. Similar behavior of the OD db was also observed by Horn et al 28 on a much thicker D 2 O amorphous ice film deposited at 110 K. Both of these studies 27,28 have suggested that the OD/OH db's are most likely located on the outer surface of the ice films, after taking in account of the aforementioned signal behavior as a function of film thickness. On the other hand, a detailed investigation of the behavior of OH db in the vapor-deposited ice samples between 94 and 120 K by Zondlo et al has shown that the majority of the OH db's are most likely located on the surface of micropores inside the bulk of amorphous ice.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Zondlo et al further concluded that the lower substrate temperature and faster deposition rate favored the production of open water network with abundance of micropores covered by the OH db's. 29 These FTIR-RAS studies [27][28][29] are consistent with the model that for thin (<50 nm) amorphous ice film (obtained by slow vapor deposition above 110-120 K), the internal surface is small, in which case the db signal, if detectable, comes predominantly from the OH/ OD groups located on the smooth external surface. A faster deposition rate at these temperatures leads, most likely, to the production of porous water network with relatively welldeveloped internal surface.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…These observations were explained in terms of reduction in the amount of the internal surface. [15][16][17] Using FTIR RAS, Callen et al 27 detected OD db's on the outer surface of a 1.5-monolayer (ML) D 2 O film at 130 K and OH db's (at 3699 cm -1 ) on the surface of a 5-ML H 2 O film deposited above the D 2 O film. The OD db feature located at 2731 cm -1 was attributed to three-coordinated surface molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Film Growth of Ice by Vapor Deposition at 128−185 K Studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection−Absorption Spectroscopy: Evolution of the OH Stretch and the Dangling Bond with Film Thickness

Kanan

Leung

2002

J. Phys. Chem. B

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The polycrystalline and noncrystalline ice films vapor-deposited at 128-185 K were investigated by grazingangle Fourier transform Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy (RAS). In particular, the polycrystalline ice phase was found above 155 K, whereas the noncrystalline phase was formed below 145 K. The nature of the polycrystalline and noncrystalline ice phases can be differentiated by comparing the respective RA spectra with spectral simulations based on the Fresnel reflection and Mie scattering methods. Furthermore, the OH stretching band (3800-2800 cm -1 ) exhibits complex behavior as a function of film thickness (from less than 10 nm to 1500 nm), which can be simulated and attributed primarily to the physics of absorption-reflection based on the Fresnel equations for reflection coefficients for parallel-and perpendicular-polarized light in a vacuum-dielectric film-metal system. The spectral evolution of the OH stretch with the film thickness is found to be similar for both polycrystalline and noncrystalline phases. In addition, spectral features of the incompletely coordinated OH groups at 3700-3690 cm -1 have been observed for a majority of noncrystalline and polycrystalline ice samples grown under different conditions (e.g., at 185 K), which shows that these OH dangling bonds are an integral part of the surfaces of both noncrystalline and polycrystalline ice phases. For thin films less than 200 nm thick, both kinds of ice are found to have a comparable amount of OH dangling bonds. In contrast, the thicker films (with thicknesses greater than 700 nm) of the noncrystalline phase contain a noticeably larger amount of OH dangling bonds than the polycrystalline films of comparable thickness. This thickness dependence of the OH dangling bond feature suggests that the OH dangling bonds are located most likely on the external surfaces of the crystalline grains and/or of the ice film itself at larger thicknesses for polycrystalline phase and on the tracery external surface in the case of noncrystalline phase.

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Section: Noncrystalline Ice Deposition At 128-145 Ksupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Film Growth of Ice by Vapor Deposition at 128−185 K Studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection−Absorption Spectroscopy: Evolution of the OH Stretch and the Dangling Bond with Film Thickness

Kanan

Leung

2002

J. Phys. Chem. B

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show abstract

“…All the experiments were carried out in a standard UHV system described elsewhere [21,22]. Briefly, a stainless steel UHV chamber is pumped by a turbo-molecular pump, which is in turn backed by an oil diffusion pump.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%