Observation of Kα. X-ray satellites from a target heated by an intense ion beam

Abstract

We have made the first observation of Kα X-ray satellites from a target heated by an intense ion beam. The satellites are produced when thermal ionization due to beam heating is accompanied by inner-shell ionization from beam ion impact. The Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II was used to irradiate a conical aluminum target with a proton beam. The nominal beam parameters were 50–75 kJ in a 1-cm spot, 15–20-ns pulse length, and 4–5-MeV protons at peak power. An elliptical crystal X-ray spectrograph inside a 1000-kg tungsten shield was used to record the spectra. The peak ion stage reached by the aluminum target was +8. Collisional radiative calculations were performed, which indicate a peak electron temperature of 20–60 eV.

Ion acceleration by superintense laser-plasma interaction

“…Heating of solid density material with ions can be achieved with accelerator-based or electrical-pulsed ion sources, see e.g. Bailey et al (1990);Hoffmann et al (2000); and Tahir et al (2006). However the relatively long durations of ion pulses from these sources (1-10 ns) means that the materials undergo significant hydrodynamic expansion already during the heating period.…”

ResonantKαSpectroscopy of Solid-Density Aluminum Plasmas

“…Since the M-shell is delocalized in soliddensity Al, these peaks correspond to Kα emission from higher charge states. Following the reference [17], we label the charge states according to their L-shell population in the final state, starting with the main Kα corresponding to IV (three delocalized M states and one L-shell hole after recombination).…”

Diagnostics of warm dense matter by high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of hollow ions

“…1; for more details, see Skobelev et al, 2012). Transitions of this kind were also observed in experiments on the interaction of the ion beams (Briand et al, 1996;Bailey et al, 1990;Limburg et al, 1995;Ninomiya et al, 1997;Winter et al, 1999;Schenkel et al, 1999;McMahon et al, 2011;Rzadkiewicz et al, 2010), synchrotron radiation (Diamant et al, 2000b;2000a;, or X-ray free electron laser beams (Vinko et al, 2012) with a solid target. The first observation of the similar emission pattern for multi-charged ions was done at the Naval Research Laboratory's NIKE KrF laser facility using ns laser pulses (Aglitsky et al, 1996).…”

“…We would like to note that there are no objective reasons for this and consider that such observations in future will allow obtaining important information on heavy ion beam plasma. It should be noted that KL-hollow ions (ions with one hole in the K-shell and one hole in the L-shell) have been observed in aluminum plasma heated by intensive proton beam (Bailey et al, 1990). In the papers by Wang et al (1993) and MacFarlane et al (1993) it was shown that K α satellite lines of aluminum ions observed by Bailey et al (1990) 3l.…”