Observation of nanostructured cluster formation of Tm ions in CaF2 crystals

Dražić, Goran; Kobe, Spomenka; Cefalas, A.C.; Sarantopoulou, E.; Kollia, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2008.06.023

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…This agrees with our observations. The authors of [67] indicated that the assemblage of rare-earth species in CaF2 depends on the thermodynamic equilibrium conditions during the growth of the films or bulk crystals. Drazic et al indicated that the degree of inhomogeneous distribution of Tm 3+ ions in bulk CaF2 and ion clustering depend on (i) the heat flow gradients across the interface between the melt and solid phases, (ii) the temperature gradient in the crucible and (iii) the spatial correlation between the density fluctuations in the liquid phase.…”

Section: Isolated Ions: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopy of Tm3+-doped CaF2 waveguiding thin films grown by Liquid Phase Epitaxy

Loiko

Brasse

Basyrova

et al. 2021

Journal of Luminescence

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Thulium-doped calcium fluoride (Tm:CaF2) single-crystalline films are grown on (100)-oriented undoped bulk CaF2 substrates by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) using LiF as a solvent. Their spectroscopic properties are studied in details. For ~2 at.% Tm-doped films, the active ions are predominantly isolated and are located in oxygen-assisted trigonal sites, C3v(T2). With increasing the Tm doping level, ion clustering is promoted but it is slowed down as compared to bulk crystals. For ~6 at.% Tm-doped films, the majority of active ions form clusters resulting in a "glassy-like" spectroscopic behavior (smooth and broad spectral bands). For such layers, the maximum stimulated-emission cross-section for the 3 F4 → 3 H6 transition is 0.14×10 -20 cm 2 at 1856 nm, the luminescence lifetime of the 3 F4 state is 21.70 ms and the emission bandwidth exceeds 180 nm. The transition probabilities of Tm 3+ ions are determined using the Judd-Ofelt theory. The waveguiding properties of the Tm:CaF2 films are confirmed. Highly-doped Tm:CaF2 epitaxial films are promising for waveguide lasers at ~2 μm.

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Section: Isolated Ions: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%