Observation of polymer optical fiber fuse

Mizuno, Yosuke; Hayashi, Naoaki; Tanaka, Hiroki; Nakamura, Kentaro; Todoroki, Shin‐ichi

doi:10.1063/1.4863413

Cited by 44 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The result is the oscillatory carbonized curve indicating the passage of the POF fuse. Interestingly, unlike the case for a silica MMF, light and electric current can simultaneously propagate through the POF after the passage of the fuse, because the generated continuous carbonized curve is electrically conductive while the optical propagation loss is approximately 1.4 dB/cm28, which is too high for telecom use but sufficiently low for centimeter-order light propagation. This characteristic provides a possible scheme for a long photoelectric interaction length, and the optical absorption (or electric current/resistance) might be controlled by adjusting the electric current (or optical power) propagating along the POF, which will be useful in developing various optical/electrical devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Propagation mechanism of polymer optical fiber fuse

Mizuno

Hayashi

Tanaka

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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A fiber fuse phenomenon in polymer optical fibers (POFs) has recently been observed, and its unique properties such as slow propagation, low threshold power density, and the formation of a black oscillatory damage curve, have been reported. However, its characterization is still insufficient to well understand the mechanism and to avoid the destruction of POFs. Here, we present detailed experimental and theoretical analyses of the POF fuse propagation. First, we clarify that the bright spot is not a plasma but an optical discharge, the temperature of which is ~3600 K. We then elucidate the reasons for the oscillation of the damage curve along with the formation of newly-observed gas bubbles as well as for the low threshold power density. We also present the idea that the POF fuse can potentially be exploited to offer a long photoelectric interaction length.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…3(b) in Ref. 28. As the surrounding polymer cools slowly, the gas generated by the passage of the fuse can move to energetically stable positions, as far away as possible from the hot solidified carbonized areas of the fiber.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation mechanism of polymer optical fiber fuse

Mizuno

Hayashi

Tanaka

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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“…Due to its severe threat to dense wavelength division multiplexing systems, fiber amplifiers, and fiber laser systems, both characterization [3-6] and suppression/termination techniques [7][8][9] of fiber fuse, mostly limited to silica fiber networks, have been explored. For other fiber materials, fiber fuse in polymer fibers has also been observed in 2014 [10]. Another study performed in fluoride and As 2 S 3 fibers claimed fiber fuse to be improbable in such fibers due to their low melting temperatures [11].…”

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confidence: 91%

Fiber fuse in chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers

Xing

Kharitonov

et al. 2018

Opt. Lett.

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We observe fiber fuse in tapered GeAsSe photonic crystal fibers (PCF) at around 7 MW∕cm 2 of intra-core intensity. Vertically cleaved facets from the un-tapered regions and the tapered regions were imaged. The images show shallow voids of different shapes confined to the fiber core. After longitudinally polishing a segment of the PCF, we imaged the PCF internal structure's top view, revealing the fuse voids' geometries and periodicity. In addition, fiber fuse was terminated in one PCF sample by a fast laser shutdown, hence saving a small segment from catastrophic damage. Four-wave-mixing was performed on this transmissive segment to estimate the dispersion. The results yielded an evident hole-pitch ratio change after fiber fuse. To our knowledge, this is the first report of fiber fuse on non-silica glass fibers and the first study of its aftermath on this un-destroyed segment of PCFs. Fiber fuse-an optical discharge occurring within a fiber core due to thermal runaway at a localized defect-leads to irreversible and catastrophic damage to optical fiber systems. The induced plasma propagates backward towards the pump source, where energy is provided, and leaves isolated voids inside the fiber core. Since its first observation in the 1980s [1], studies have been performed on this topic with both continuous-wave (CW) lasers and pulsed lasers [1,2]. An intensity threshold was found to be in the order of several MW∕cm 2 with a propagation speed in order of m/s [2]. Due to its severe threat to dense wavelength division multiplexing systems, fiber amplifiers, and fiber laser systems, both characterization [3-6] and suppression/termination techniques [7][8][9] of fiber fuse, mostly limited to silica fiber networks, have been explored. For other fiber materials, fiber fuse in polymer fibers has also been observed in 2014 [10]. Another study performed in fluoride and As 2 S 3 fibers claimed fiber fuse to be improbable in such fibers due to their low melting temperatures [11]. Thus, for a long time, it was believed that the destruction mechanism inside soft-glass fibers was purely thermal and distinct from fiber fuse in silica fibers [1,12].In recent years, the interest in mid-infrared (MIR) applications and compact MIR platforms has catalyzed the development of MIR fibers with novel materials and structures, as well as improved transmissions [13]. Among them, chalcogenide glass (ChG) fibers possess the largest transmission bands, they are nonlinear, and they can be fabricated into suspended core [14] or photonic crystal fiber (PCF) [15] geometries for various applications. It followed that great efforts have been put into ChG fiber development and optimization. In terms of ChG fiber platforms, breakthroughs in both CW and pulsed applications have been reported in the recent two years. For pulsed applications, an all-fiber MIR optical parametric oscillator [16], a parametric wavelength converter [17], and an allfiber MIR supercontinuum source [18] became feasible. For CW laser applications, advances in fabrication technolog...

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“…Brillouin scattering is known to be one of the most significant nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers [6]. Higher-power pump light induces even higher-power scattered light, leading to a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the sensing system [7,8,9,10]. In addition, such higher-power pump light is reported to provide narrower Brillouin linewidth, resulting in a high precision of the measurement [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Brillouin gain spectrum in optical fibers in telecommunication band: Effect of pump wavelength

Lee

Hayashi

Mizuno

2016

IEICE Electron. Express

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Abstract:We study the optical wavelength dependence of the Brillouin gain spectrum for a silica single-mode fiber in the range from 1511 to 1555 nm using a measurement setup containing an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in the Brillouin pump path. The Brillouin peak power and linewidth are clearly dependent on the pump wavelength, the trends of which correspond well with the wavelength dependence of the EDFA gain. This result suggests that we need to consider the unique wavelength dependence of the EDFA gain to practically obtain a higher Brillouin peak power and narrower linewidth at the telecommunication wavelength.

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Observation of polymer optical fiber fuse

Cited by 44 publications

References 43 publications

Propagation mechanism of polymer optical fiber fuse

Propagation mechanism of polymer optical fiber fuse

Fiber fuse in chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers

Observation of Brillouin gain spectrum in optical fibers in telecommunication band: Effect of pump wavelength

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