Multiple
proton transfer (PT) controllable by external
stimuli
plays a crucial role in fundamental chemistry, biological activity,
and material science. However, in crystalline systems, controlling
multiple PT, which results in a distinct protonation state, remains
challenging. In this study, we developed a novel tridentate ligand
and iron(II) complex with a short hydrogen bond (HB) that exhibits
a PT-coupled spin transition (PCST). Single-crystal X-ray and neutron
diffraction measurements revealed that the positions of the two protons
in the complex can be controlled by temperature and photoirradiation
based on the thermal- and photoinduced PCST. The obtained results
suggest that designing molecules that form short HBs is a promising
approach for developing multiple PT systems in crystals.