Observation of the molecular genetics among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common malignancies of the hematologic system in children. Typically, ALL children with various genetic changes show different incidences, development, and prognoses. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of molecular genetic subtype among ALL children based on their clinical information, and to further investigate the relationship of genetic varieties with the prognostic factors. From 2010 to 2016, a total of 888 ALL children with TEL-AML1 fusion gene, hyperdiploidy, hypodiloidy, IL3-IGH rearranged, E2A PBX1 fusion gene, BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, or mixed lineage leukemia (MML) rearranged were selected and analyzed through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Our results suggested that, ALL children who lived in the Northern Plains were more likely to experience genetic varieties. In addition, the TEL-AML1 fusion gene, hyperdiploidy, and hypodiloidy were more likely to be detected in ALL children aged 1 to 9 years, while MLL rearrangement was probably detected among ALL children aged <1 year. On the other hand, the 5-year overall survival varied depending on different regions (East: 42.21%; Alaska: 0.001%; Northern Plains: 1.8%; Pacific Coast: 16.3%; and Southwest: 8%), races (African American: 44.5%; white: 18.2%; and Other: 16.3%), and genetic features (TEL-AML1: 10.1%; hyperdiploidy: 19.4%; hypodiloidy: 64.7%; IL3-IGH: 0.01%; E2A PBX1: 14.2%; BCR-ABL1: 15.2%; MLL rearranged: 12.3%). In conclusion, our study found that genetic varieties among ALL children were closely related to their prognoses, and the detection rate of genetic molecules was associated with the age, race, and living area of children.

Overview on Aneuploidy in Childhood B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

“…The most commonly reported median age is 4 years, which is in line with the results of a study by Sun et al, where most often the disease was diagnosed between 1 and 9 years of age. However, according to other studies, it is rare after the age of 7 [52,55,56].…”

“…In this context, the simultaneous gain of +4, +10 and +17 chromosomes have been shown to improve patient outcomes. This turned out to be so significant that it is now used by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) as a very low risk factor for disease recurrence [28,44,56]. Similarly, favorable patient outcomes can be seen with high +18 hyperdiploidy, while chromosome 5 gains are likely associated with a poorer prognosis [40,57,[74][75][76].…”

Residential proximity to petrol stations and risk of childhood leukemia

“…Childhood leukemia accounts for approximately 27% of all childhood cancers in the United States and 30-35% in Europe and Asia (e.g., Ireland, France, Germany, China) [ 1 ]. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most commonly diagnosed childhood cancer worldwide [ 2 ] and is more frequent in European and Hispanic populations [ 3 ]. According to data from populations covered by high-quality cancer registries, the incidence of ALL has been estimated at 46.4 per 1 million children (i.e., one third of all new diagnoses) [ 3 ].…”