Observation of the out-of-plane mode in the Raman scattering from the graphite edge plane

Kawashima, Yohei; Katagiri, Gen

doi:10.1103/physrevb.59.62

Cited by 87 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…rule by loss of translational symmetry and make infrared C ′′ mode Raman-active, similar to the observation of Raman-inactive B 2g mode at 867 cm −1 at the edge plane of graphite. [38] However, its strong intensity in the 4LS is still an unexpected result. Furthermore, the C and C ′ mode intensity in the 3LS is independent on the its optical contrast, i.e., the number of graphene layers of the 3LS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultralow-frequency shear modes of 2-4 layer graphene observed in scroll structures at edges

Tan

Han

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. B

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The in-plane shear modes between neighbor-layers of 2-4 layer graphenes (LGs) and the corresponding graphene scrolls rolled up by 2-4LGs were investigated by Raman scattering. In contrast to that just one shear mode was observed in 3-4LGs, all the shear modes of 3-4LGs were observed in 3-4 layer scrolls (LSs), whose frequencies agree well with the theoretical predication by both a force-constant model and a linear chain model. In comparison to the broad width (about 12cm −1 ) for the G band in graphite, all the shear modes exhibit an intrinsic line width of about 1.0 cm −1 .The local electronic structures dependent on the local staking configurations enhance the intensity of the shear modes in corresponding 2-4LSs zones, which makes it possible to observe all the shear modes. It provides a direct evidence that how the band structures of FLGs can be sensitive to local staking configurations. This result can be extended to n layer graphene (n > 4) for the understanding of the basic phonon properties of multi-layer graphenes. This observation of all-scale shear modes can be foreseen in other 2D materials with similar scroll structures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultralow-frequency shear modes of 2-4 layer graphene observed in scroll structures at edges

Tan

Han

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Moreover, if the incident light is polarized perpendicularly to the planes, a sharp "A" band is observed at 867 cm −1 [24]. This feature has been assigned to a particular vibrational mode in graphite, with "out-of-plane" atomic displacements [25]. It is also visible for as-deposited pyrocarbons, but too weak and too broad to be accurately and systematically characterized within this study [24].…”

Section: Raman Microspectroscopymentioning

confidence: 93%

Quantitative structural and textural assessment of laminar pyrocarbons through Raman spectroscopy, electron diffraction and few other techniques

Vallerot¹,

Bourrat²,

Mouchon³

et al. 2006

Carbon

164

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In pyrocarbon materials, the width of the Raman D band (FWHM D ) is very sensitive to low energy structural defects (e.g., disorientations of the graphene layers). The correlation between the two parameters, FWHM D and OA (as derived from selected area electron diffraction: SAED), has allowed to differentiate various pyrocarbons unambiguously. Furthermore, the optical properties of pyrocarbons, i.e., the extinction angle, the optical phase shift and the ordinary and extraordinary reflectance, have been accurately determined at 550 nm by means of the extinction curves method. These results are completed by in-plane and out-of-plane dielectric constant measurements by angular resolved EELS. Moreover, the hybridization degree of the carbon atoms has been assessed by the same technique. About 80% of the carbon atoms of the pyrocarbons have a sp 2 hybridization. The lack of pure sp 2 carbon atoms, as compared to graphite, might be explained by the presence of sp 3 -like line defects.

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“…This is due to the fact that the symmetry is changed by the existence of the edges, which leads to a rearrangement of the lattice structure. This has been especially observed in nanocrystals (Li et al, 2002;Kawashima & Katagiri, 1999). Furthermore, there are other size-related phonons appearing when dealing generally with nanostructures, such as the surface optical phonons (SO) and breathing modes.…”

Section: Appearance Of New Modes: Surface and Breathing Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopy on Semiconductor Nanowires

Zardo¹,

Abstreiter²,

Morral³

2010

Nanowires

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Observation of the out-of-plane mode in the Raman scattering from the graphite edge plane

Cited by 87 publications

References 17 publications

Ultralow-frequency shear modes of 2-4 layer graphene observed in scroll structures at edges

Ultralow-frequency shear modes of 2-4 layer graphene observed in scroll structures at edges

Quantitative structural and textural assessment of laminar pyrocarbons through Raman spectroscopy, electron diffraction and few other techniques

Raman Spectroscopy on Semiconductor Nanowires

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