Observation of the resonant Stark effect at optical frequencies

Schuda, Felix; Stroud, C. R.; Hercher, Michael

doi:10.1088/0022-3700/7/7/002

Cited by 420 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Historically, their effects were first appreciated in microwave spectroscopy pump-probe experiments by Autler and Townes [20] in 1955, and soon came to be known as the ac Stark effect. Through the late 1960s and 1970s, significant work on sideband amplification [21], resonance fluorescence [22,23], and the Mollow scattering triplet [24][25][26][27][28] culminated in the "dressed" description of atoms in strong fields [29]. In the 1980s, the PP nonlinearity was cast in the language of nonlinear optics and applications such as four-wave mixing [30], phase conjugation [31], and optical bistability [14] were explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-mode instability in standing-wave lasers: The quantum cascade laser as a self-pumped parametric oscillator

et al. 2016

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We report the observation of a clear single-mode instability threshold in continuous-wave Fabry-Perot quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). The instability is characterized by the appearance of sidebands separated by tens of free spectral ranges (FSR) from the first lasing mode, at a pump current not much higher than the lasing threshold. As the current is increased, higher-order sidebands appear that preserve the initial spacing, and the spectra are suggestive of harmonically phase-locked waveforms. We present a theory of the instability that applies to all homogeneously broadened standing-wave lasers. The low instability threshold and the large sideband spacing can be explained by the combination of an unclamped, incoherent Lorentzian gain due to the population grating, and a coherent parametric gain caused by temporal population pulsations that changes the spectral gain line shape. The parametric term suppresses the gain of sidebands whose separation is much smaller than the reciprocal gain recovery time, while enhancing the gain of more distant sidebands. The large gain recovery frequency of the QCL compared to the FSR is essential to observe this parametric effect, which is responsible for the multiple-FSR sideband separation. We predict that by tuning the strength of the incoherent gain contribution, for example by engineering the modal overlap factors and the carrier diffusion, both amplitude-modulated (AM) or frequency-modulated emission can be achieved from QCLs. We provide initial evidence of an AM waveform emitted by a QCL with highly asymmetric facet reflectivities, thereby opening a promising route to ultrashort pulse generation in the mid-infrared. Together, the experiments and theory clarify a deep connection between parametric oscillation in optically pumped microresonators and the single-mode instability of lasers, tying together literature from the last 60 years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-mode instability in standing-wave lasers: The quantum cascade laser as a self-pumped parametric oscillator

et al. 2016

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“…Strongly-driven two-level systems are known to exhibit a fluorescence spectrum that comprises a triplet as was first predicted by Mollow [1] and demonstrated in a variety of physical systems ranging from atoms [2] and molecules [3] to superconducting qubits [4] and hybrid nanomechanical systems [5].…”

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confidence: 79%

Observation of Mollow Triplets with Tunable Interactions in Double Lambda Systems of Individual Hole Spins

et al. 2017

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Although individual spins in quantum dots have been studied extensively as qubits, their investigation under strong resonant driving in the scope of accessing Mollow physics is still an open question. Here, we have grown high quality positively charged quantum dots embedded in a planar microcavity that enable enhanced light-matter interactions. Under a strong magnetic field in the Voigt configuration, individual positively charged quantum dots provide a double-lambda level structure. Using a combination of above-band and resonant excitation, we observe the formation of Mollow triplets on all optical transitions. We find that when the strong resonant drive power is used to tune the Mollow triplet lines through each other, we observe anticrossings. We also demonstrate that the interaction that gives rise to the anticrossings can be controlled in strength by tuning the polarization of the resonant laser drive. Quantum-optical modeling of our system fully captures the experimentally observed spectra and provides insight on the complicated level structure that results from the strong driving of the double-lambda system.The interaction of strong light fields with multi-level systems has been the subject of intense investigations over the past 40 years for both its fascinating physics and the potential for a variety of applications. Strongly-driven two-level systems are known to exhibit a fluorescence spectrum that comprises a triplet as was first predicted by Mollow [1] and demonstrated in a variety of physical systems ranging from atoms [2] and molecules [3] to superconducting qubits [4] and hybrid nanomechanical systems [5].Another prominent system for the study of strong lightmatter interactions in the solid state is the platform of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). The atom-like behavior of quantum dots along with the simultaneous existence of excitonic and biexcitonic states, give them a very interesting cascaded Λ-V level structure that has been studied extensively under strong resonant driving [6]-[20].Charged QDs have a spectral structure very similar to that of neutral QDs, but applying a strong magnetic field in the Voigt configuration (magnetic field perpendicular to growth axis of QD) Zeeman splits the ground and excited states, lifting the degeneracy and resulting in a double-Λ level structure.In this Letter, we demonstrate the observation of Mollow triplets with tunable anticrossings in a double-Λ system, which originates from the resonant driving of an individual hole spin trapped in an InAs quantum dot under a strong magnetic field in the Voigt configuration.Strong interaction of the resonant laser with the quantum dot is enabled by embedding the QDs in a planar microcavity. The microcavity was grown with Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and consists of a 25-pair AlAs/GaAs bottom Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR), a 1-λ GaAs cavity and 5-pair AlAs/GaAs top DBR. Charging of the QDs is ensured by a beryllium (p-type) δ-doping layer, located 10 nm below the QDs. The QD layer is positioned at the center of th...

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“…Usually, the interaction between an electromagnetic field and atoms is modelled by an interaction between the field and a quantum system with only two proper energy states [1,2]. Using this theoretical approximation, interesting phenomena have been predicted and then observed, such as the resonance fluorescence spectrum [3,4], photon antibunching [5][6][7], sub-Poissonian photon statistics [8,9], squeezing [10][11][12], photon echoes [13], and self-induced transparency [14][15][16]. With multilevel treatments of atoms, other phenomena are explained, such as quantum jumps [17][18][19][20] and laser cooling and trapping [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%