Observation of the retromolar foramen and canal of the mandible: a CBCT and macroscopic study

Kawai, Taisuke; Asaumi, Rieko; Sato, Iwao; Kumazawa, Yasuo; Yosue, Takashi

doi:10.1007/s11282-011-0074-9

Cited by 59 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…37 Several authors have described factors influencing visualization of BMCs on PANs, such as buccolingual canal direction 7 and superposition of anatomical structures. 16 In addition, small diameter has been proposed as an explanation for the lower rate of BMC visualization on PANs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] One type of BMC is the retromolar canal, which ends in the retromolar foramen (RF). CBCT studies 14,15 have reported rates of RF between 16% and 65%, 3,11,[13][14][15][16] similar to dry mandible studies ranging from 1.7% to 72.0%, [17][18][19] whereas PANs have yielded a lower range. 14 Identifying these anatomic structures has important clinical implications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Descriptive study of the bifid mandibular canals and retromolar foramina: cone beam CTvspanoramic radiography

Muinelo-Lorenzo

Suárez‐Quintanilla²,

Fernández-Alonso³

et al. 2014

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objectives: To examine the presence and morphologic characteristics of bifid mandibular canals (BMCs) and retromolar foramens (RFs) using cone beam CT (CBCT) and to determine their visualization on panoramic radiographs (PANs). Methods: A sample of 225 CBCT examinations was analysed for the presence of BMCs, as well as length, height, diameter and angle. The diameter of the RF was also determined. Subsequently, corresponding PANs were analysed to determine whether the BMCs and RFs were visible or not. Results: The BMCs were observed on CBCT in 83 out of the 225 patients (36.8%). With respect to gender, statistically significant differences were found in the number of BMCs. There were also significant differences in anatomical characteristics of the types of BMCs. Only 37.8% of the BMCs and 32.5% of the RFs identified on CBCT were also visible on PANs. The diameter had a significant effect on the capability of PANs to visualize BMCs and RFs (B 5 0.791, p 5 0.035; B 5 1.900, p 5 0.017, respectively). Conclusions: PANs are unable to sufficiently identify BMCs and RFs. The diameter of these anatomical landmarks represents a relevant factor for visualization on PANs. Pre-operative images using only PANs may lead to underestimation of the presence of BMCs and to surgical complications and anaesthetic failures, which could have been avoided. For true determination of BMCs, a CBCT device should be considered better than a PAN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Descriptive study of the bifid mandibular canals and retromolar foramina: cone beam CTvspanoramic radiography

Muinelo-Lorenzo

Suárez‐Quintanilla²,

Fernández-Alonso³

et al. 2014

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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“…In this area, a RMC may be present and emerge through the retromolar foramen 4,5 . The RMC presents morphological and morphometric variability 6 , including a posterior concavity 7 as well as straight RMC 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of mandibular retromolar canals on cone beam computed tomography and its clinical repercussions

Freitas

Silva

Júnior

2017

Rev. odontol. UNESP

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ResumoIntrodução: O conhecimento da morfologia normal da mandíbula humana e suas possíveis variações anatômicas, que ocorrem, são de fundamental importância na prática odontológica, especialmente nas áreas da cirurgia e implantodontia. A região retromolar é delimitada pela margem anterior do ramo da mandibular, crista temporal e face distal do último molar inferior. Nessa área pode ser observado o canal retromolar que pode emergir pelo forame retromolar. Objetivo: O presente estudo objetiva avaliar a ocorrência de canais retromolares em exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico e relaciona-la com suas possíveis repercussões clínicas. Material e método: Foram selecionadas 300 imagens de TCFC provenientes do Departamento de Radiologia da Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic. O presente estudo foi do tipo observacional descritivo e todas as imagens foram processadas e trabalhadas no software XoranCat  do próprio equipamento. Resultado: Dos 300 exames de TCFC analisados, os canais mandibulares eram únicos em 210 (70,0%). Nos demais 90 casos constatou-se a presença alterações anatômicas no canal mandibular, indicando que a taxa de prevalência dessa condição na amostra foi de 30,0%. A ocorrência dos canais retromolares foi observada em 15 pacientes da amostra total (5,0%), sendo 06 pacientes do gênero masculino e 09 pacientes do gênero feminino. Conclusão: Ratifica-se a importância de um minucioso conhecimento da região retromolar devido a grande prevalência de cirurgias realizadas na região posterior da mandíbula, a fim de ter previsibilidade nos planejamentos e consequentemente otimizar os procedimentos anestésicos e cirúrgicos realizados, minimizando as falhas anestésicas e os acidentes cirúrgicos.Descritores: Cirurgia; anatomia; mandíbula. AbstractIntroduction: Knowledge on the normal morphology of the human mandible and its possible anatomical variations are of fundamental importance in dental practice, especially in the areas of surgery and implantodontics. The retromolar region is delimited by the anterior margin of the ramus of the mandible, the temporal crest and the distal surface of the last lower molar. In this area, a retromolar canal may be observed emerging through the retromolar foramen. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of retromolar canals in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and to correlate it with their possible clinical repercussions. Material and method: 300 CBCT images were selected from the Department of Radiology of the São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School. This was an observational descriptive study and all the images were processed and analyzed on XoranCat  . Result: Of the 300 CFCT scans analyzed, a single mandibular canal was observed in 210 (70.0%). In the remaining 90 cases, anatomical changes were observed relating to this canal, indicating that the prevalence of this condition in this sample was 30%. The prevalence of retromolar canals was observed in 15 patients (5.0%), of which 06 were in males and 09 in females. Conclusion: The importance of a full ...

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“…9-12 RMK genellikle oldukça dar olduğundan RMK'nin tespitinde geleneksel radyograflar güvenilir değildir. 1 Bu olguda RMK dijital panoramik radyografta izlenebilse de dallanmaları KIBT görüntülerinde saptanmıştır. Çalışmalarda RMK bulunma oranında açığa çıkan bu geniş aralığın çalışma kriterleri ve etnik farklı-lıklardan etkilendiği düşünülmektedir.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Sinir lifleri ise inferior alveolar sinirden köken alarak üçüncü molar dişe, retromolar üçge-nin mukozasına, bukkal mukozaya, mandibuler premolar ve molar bölgenin bukkal diş etine, buksinatör kasa ve temporal kasa dağılım göstermek-tedir. 1 Anderson ve ark., anormal yönelim gösteren bukkal sinirin, inferior alveolar sinirden köken alıp RMK'den geçtiğini bildirmişlerdir. 15 Retromolar foramen ile mandibuler ikinci molar dişin mine sement sınırı arası mesafe birçok çalışmada 8,50 mm'den 24,3 mm'ye değişen bir aralıkta bildirilmekte olup, bu olgudaki ölçüm literatürle uyum göstermektedir.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Retromolar Canal with Multiple Branches: Case Report

Sözen¹,

Atıcı²,

Ertaş³

2016

Turkiye Klinikleri J Case Rep

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Observation of the retromolar foramen and canal of the mandible: a CBCT and macroscopic study

Cited by 59 publications

References 15 publications

Descriptive study of the bifid mandibular canals and retromolar foramina: cone beam CTvspanoramic radiography

Descriptive study of the bifid mandibular canals and retromolar foramina: cone beam CTvspanoramic radiography

The prevalence of mandibular retromolar canals on cone beam computed tomography and its clinical repercussions

Retromolar Canal with Multiple Branches: Case Report

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