“…Within these devices, various phenomena such as observations of DW turbulence alongside shearing effects have been made, leading to investigations into the nonlinear energy transfer between E × B shear flow and DW turbulence. To effectively capture and simulate the dynamics of the DW-shear flow system, various plasma models have been used for CSDX and PANTA [6,12,13]. Employing numerical simulations using the BOUT code, nonlinear zonal flows have been generated in the presence of a finite density gradient, exhibiting a favorable qualitative and reasonably accurate agreement with LAPD plasma turbulence [14].…”