Observation of two-dimensional coherent surface vector lattice solitons

Abstract

We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first experimental observation of vector surface solitons, which form at the edge and in the corner of two-dimensional laser-written waveguide arrays. These elliptically polarized vector states are composed of two orthogonally polarized components. They exist only above a power threshold and bifurcate from scalar surface solitons. The components of a vector soliton may have substantially different degrees of localization in certain parameter ranges.

Four-wave mixing Floquet topological soliton

“…Let ψ x,y = (L d /L s I 0 ) 1/2 e ±iβz/4 E x,y , where L d = k x a 2 ≈ k y a 2 is the diffraction length for close wavenumbers of two components k x , k y , β = 2|k x −k y |L d is the normalized phase mismatch, L s = 2c/(ω 0 n 2 I 0 ) is the self-action length for nonlinear coefficient n 2 , a and I 0 are the characteristic transverse scale and intensity, respectively. Then, ψ x,y are governed by the system [25]:…”

Vector gap solitons in pseudo-Zeeman lattices

“…Experimentally, the simple generation of bright vector solitons in passively mode-locked fiber lasers has been extensively investigated [16][17][18]. The discrete vector solitons are also predicted in theory and verified experimentally in nonlinear waveguide arrays [19][20][21][22]. Christodoulides theoretically predicts the existence of dark-bright vector solitons that can exist in different dispersion regions with different properties in weak birefringence in single-mode fibers [23].…”