Observation of ultrahigh quality factor in a semiconductor microcavity

Sanvitto, D.; Daraei, Ahmadreza; Tahraoui, A.; Hopkinson, M.; Fry, P. W.; Whittaker, D. M.; Skolnick, M. S.

doi:10.1063/1.1925774

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Rabi splitting, slightly smaller than in the 2D cavity. The linewidth of the confined ground cavity mode reaches 70 µeV , yielding a Q-factor as high as 21000 [18]. As discussed previously, a degeneracy lifting due to the elliptic shape of the mesas is visible for the first and second excited lower polariton states at negative detunings (…”

Section: Originalmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Zero dimensional exciton‐polaritons

Baas¹,

Daïf

Richard

et al. 2006

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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We present a novel semiconductor structure in which 0D polaritons coexist with 2D microcavity polaritons. Spatial trapping of the 2D microcavity polaritons results from the confinement of their photonic part in a potential well, consisting of an adjustable thickness variation of the spacer layer. This original technique allows to create polaritonic boxes of any size and shape. Strong coupling regime is evidenced by the typical energy level anticrossing, in real space and in momentum space, and supported by a theoretical model.Semiconductor heterostructures allow the analysis of light-matter interaction in nanoscopic or mesoscopic systems, in which properties of both uncoupled light and matter oscillators can be strongly engineered. Beyond the motivation of the realization of optoelectronic devices, monitoring of light by matter and vice versa has already led to a wide range of new fascinating physics. Of particular interest is the strong coupling regime, where the dressed states basis becomes the relevant one to describe and understand the coupled system. Historic experiments of quantum electrodynamics have been realized using a few atoms in the strong coupling regime with a few cavity photons [1,2]. In strong analogy, three groups have recently reported the successful achievement of strong coupling regime for one single Quantum Dot (QD) with a high-quality factor (Q) cavity mode [3][4][5]. In these systems the small number of electronic excitations opens the way to the realization of solid state devices for quantum information operation.Research on solid state systems has also been motivated, during the last 50 years, by the possibility to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) at high temperature. This effect involves a huge number of particles, that massively accumulate into a single quantum state below a critical temperature, thus displaying macroscopical quantum properties. To reach this goal, the most promising candidates are microcavity polaritons, eigenstates of semiconductor microcavities in strong coupling regime [6]. These quasiparticles have the great advantage over excitons to exhibit a very light effective mass. Their bosonic behavior at low density has been demonstrated already by final state stimulation in parametric scattering process [7], and by direct evidence of quantum degeneracy [8]. Rather high temperatures have been reached for such effects [9]. However, polariton BEC has not been demonstrated yet. A more favorable situation for BEC should be obtained by confining the polaritons within a small volume, as suggested by

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Section: Originalmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…This is the reason why the luminescence intensity is not always symmetric with respect to the mesa axis. The acquisition of spectrally resolved images with two real space dimensions are under progress, in order to give a 2D mapping of each 0D polariton state wavefunction, as already realized for pure photonic modes in [18].…”

Section: Originalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero dimensional exciton‐polaritons

Baas¹,

Daïf

Richard

et al. 2006

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…The most important of these results from reduced-mode volume (termed the Purcell Effect [17] ), which can cause a significant enhancement in the spontaneous emission rate by up to five times. [1,2,16] Furthermore, micropillars can sustain a series of discrete laterally confined modes, [3,4,9,13,15] which show no dispersion. [15] This permits photons that are emitted (via a particular mode) to be collected with high efficiency.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Emission Control in Micropillar Cavities Containing a Fluorescent Molecular Dye

et al. 2006

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Microcavity micropillars are structures composed of two high-reflectivity distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) placed either side of an active dipole emitter. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] This structure is then vertically etched to form a pillar. The three-dimensional confinement of the optical field within a micropillar has profound effects on fundamental light-emission processes. The most important of these results from reduced-mode volume (termed the Purcell Effect [17] ), which can cause a significant enhancement in the spontaneous emission rate by up to five times. [1,2,16] Furthermore, micropillars can sustain a series of discrete laterally confined modes, [3,4,9,13,15] which show no dispersion. [15] This permits photons that are emitted (via a particular mode) to be collected with high efficiency. When a single quantum emitter is placed within a micropillar, an efficient source of anti-bunched single photons can be created. [10,11,16] Such light sources are anticipated to find applications in quantum-cryptography [18] and quantum-computation systems. [19,20] Micropillars are also an exciting tool for studying fundamental processes such as light-matter coupling. In particular, recent reports have demonstrated strong optical coupling between a single quantum dot (QD) within a micropillar and a discrete optical mode.[12] The resultant polariton states are anticipated to be of significant importance in the development of quantum-computation systems. [19] Until now, the only material systems used as the active dipole emitters in micropillars are inorganic semiconductors, such as InAs [9][10][11] and InGaAs [12] quantum dots or CdTe quantum wells. [13] There is, however, buoyant interest in the physics and applications of organic materials in photonics. Apart from simple one-dimensional planar organic cavities, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] optical confinement has also been studied in a large range of different structures containing active organic chromophores.These include dye-doped polymer spheres, [28] organic microdiscs and polymer microspheroids, [29] polymer microrings, [30] dye-doped photonic crystals, [31][32][33][34] organic slab waveguides, [35] polymeric distributed-feedback lasers, [36] micromolded polymer films, [37] and polymer-filled circular gratings.[38] Despite significant activity in organic photonics, the creation of micropatterned organic structures is at a less advanced stage compared to progress made using inorganic semiconductors. This in part results from an increased sensitivity of organic thin films to the techniques commonly used to create high-resolution structures. There are, in fact, very pressing reasons to explore organic materials in new types of photonic structure, as such materials can often display optical properties not readily emulated using inorganic semiconductors. For example, the large oscillator strengths of organic (Frenkel) excitons can result in enhanced light-matter interactions, evidenced by "giant" Rabi splittings at room temperature. [22...

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“…[13][14][15][16] The 0D structure shows a very high-Q factor of ϳ21 000, thanks to the fact that the confining mesas have sizes smaller than the typical optical disorder in GaAs microcavities. 13,17,18 The spectral properties and PL emission intensity of the sample are measured. The sample, cooled to about 10 K, is pumped by a Ti:sapphire laser ͑ Ϸ 780 nm͒, under increasing pump power.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonlinear relaxation of zero-dimension-trapped microcavity polaritons

Daïf

Nardin

Paraïso

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

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We study the emission properties of confined polariton states in shallow zero-dimensional traps under nonresonant excitation. We evidence several relaxation regimes. For slightly negative photon-exciton detuning, we observe a nonlinear increase of the emission intensity, characteristic of carrier-carrier scattering assisted relaxation under strong-coupling regime. This demonstrates the efficient relaxation toward a confined state of the system. For slightly positive detuning, we observe the transition from strong to weak coupling regime and then to single-mode lasing. © 2008 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2885018͔Research on solid semiconductor systems has been motivated during the last 50 years by both applied and basic goals. From a fundamental point of view, solid state systems were expected to show various effects, ranging from the Purcell effect 1 to full quantum confinement. Added to the latter, Bose-Einstein condensation is expected at rather high temperatures. One of the main fields of research in semiconductor physics has therefore been the quest for a possible BoseEintein condensation ͑BEC͒ of excitons, initially proposed by Moskalenko 2 and Blatt et al. 3 in 1962. A clear demonstration of pure excitonic BEC has not been achieved yet, presumably because of several competing effects such as disorder and Auger effect. 4 Present research directions aim at the realization of a trap for excitons. 5 Recently, BEC has been achieved for microcavity polaritons in a CdTe based microcavity, 6 and in GaAs with a trap. 7 Indeed, these quasiparticles have the great advantage over excitons or electrons to exhibit a very light effective mass, thanks to their photon component. BEC was favored by a confinement of the polaritons within small volumes 6 in local defects of the microcavity, an aspect confirmed by theoretical works. 8 The population of the ground state of the system in these defects was favored by Coulomb interaction. This is shown by the presence of a density dependence of the relaxation toward the ground state of the system, before the stimulation characteristic of condensation. It was already observed and predicted in several experimental and theoretical works: before condensing and showing a stimulation of the population of the ground ͑or condensed͒ state of the system, polaritons are expected to relax linearly ͑through phonons͒ and then quadratically through Coulomb interaction 9,10 toward low energy states.At the same time, most breakthroughs in semiconductor physics and technology over the last thirty years originated from quantum confinement of elementary excitations along one, two, or three spatial dimensions 11,12 and from the improvement of their coupling to the electromagnetic field. Indeed, confinement in semiconductor structures allows design and shaping of their electrical and optical properties. Such confinement allows to control the emission properties of matter and can be used for applications in many fields, ranging from optoelectronics to quantum information.We present her...

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Observation of ultrahigh quality factor in a semiconductor microcavity

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

Zero dimensional exciton‐polaritons

Zero dimensional exciton‐polaritons

Spontaneous Emission Control in Micropillar Cavities Containing a Fluorescent Molecular Dye

Nonlinear relaxation of zero-dimension-trapped microcavity polaritons

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