Observation of Vertical-Incidence Scatter from the Ionosphere at 41 Mc/sec

Bowles, Kenneth L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.1.454

Cited by 194 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…[4] During the years, the researchers have developed and used other means to gather information on the upper ionosphere and plasmasphere, such as: coherent scatter radar observations of underdense electron density irregularities [Booker, 1956;Greenwald, 1996], incoherent scatter radar probing [Bowles, 1958;Gordon, 1958;Farley, 1996], observations using topside sounders onboard satellites [Franklin and Maclean, 1969;Reinisch et al, 2001], in situ rocket and satellite observations [Pfaff, 1996], tomography [Austen et al, 1988;Leitinger, 1996b], and occultation measurements [Phinney and Anderson, 1973; Leitinger, 1996b]. There is no universal method; each type has advantages as well as shortcomings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for reconstruction of the vertical electron density distribution in the upper ionosphere and plasmasphere

et al. 2003

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[1] Ground-based ionosphere sounding measurements alone are incapable of reliably modeling the topside electron density distribution above the F layer peak density height. Such information can be derived from Global Positioning System (GPS)-based total electron content (TEC) measurements. A novel technique is presented for retrieving the electron density height profile from three types of measurements: ionosonde ( f o F 2 , f o E, M 3000 F 2 , h m f 2 ), TEC (GPS-based), and O + -H + ion transition level. The method employs new formulae based on Chapman, sech-squared, and exponential ionosphere profilers to construct a system of equations, the solution of which system provides the unknown ion scale heights, sufficient to construct a unique electron density profile at the site of measurements. All formulae are based on the assumption of diffusive equilibrium with constant scale height for each ion species. The presented technique is most suitable for middle-and high-geomagnetic latitudes and possible applications include: development, evaluation, and improvement of theoretical and empirical ionospheric models, development of similar reconstruction methods utilizing low-earth-orbiting satellite measurements of TEC, operational reconstruction of the electron density on a real-time basis, etc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for reconstruction of the vertical electron density distribution in the upper ionosphere and plasmasphere

et al. 2003

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“…The incoherent scatter radar technique had first been suggested as a method for investigating the ionosphere in USA by Gordon (1958) and had been shown to work experimentally by Bowles, also in USA, in the same year (Bowles, 1958). That was also the year when the research work started at Kiruna Geophysical Observatory, established by the Swedish Academy of Sciences and inaugurated at the beginning of the International Geophysical Year in July 1957.…”

Section: The 1960smentioning

confidence: 99%

History of EISCAT – Part 1: On the early history of EISCAT with special reference to the Swedish part of it

Hultqvist

2011

Hist. Geo Space. Sci.

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Abstract. The paper describes the early history of EISCAT, from the very first ideas and Nordic contacts in the late 1960s to the end of the main development phase, when the facility had become a very advanced and reliable research instrument and its users had developed full competence in the second half of the 1980s. The preparation of the "Green Book", the Beynon meeting in London in 1973 and the activities started there, the first EISCAT Council meeting, the "technical period" 1976-1981, the inauguration in 1981 and the decade of improvements in most of the 1980s are described as seen from the Swedish point of view.

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“…In 1958 the first incoherent scatter radar measurements were carried out by BOwLES (1958) as proposed by GORDON (1958). With this technique it became possible to observe simultaneously a large number of characteristic parameters in the altitude range from 150 to 800 km.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

History and Uses of the Ionospheric, Thermospheric, and Atmospheric Data Base

Bilitza

1991

J. geomagn. geoelec

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A short chronicle of data collection in the ionosphere, thermosphere and atmosphere is given, highlighting the different measurement techniques and their effect on the overall data volume. Several data sources and their uses are discussed in greater detail, including the data obtained by the worldwide ionosonde network, by the incoherent scatter radars, by the Alouette and ISIS topside sounders, and by the Atmosphere Explorer satellite. The need for continuous monitoring from ground and space is stressed, as well as the need for preservation of older data records and their full scientific exploitation.

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Observation of Vertical-Incidence Scatter from the Ionosphere at 41 Mc/sec

Cited by 194 publications

References 1 publication

A new method for reconstruction of the vertical electron density distribution in the upper ionosphere and plasmasphere

A new method for reconstruction of the vertical electron density distribution in the upper ionosphere and plasmasphere

History of EISCAT – Part 1: On the early history of EISCAT with special reference to the Swedish part of it

History and Uses of the Ionospheric, Thermospheric, and Atmospheric Data Base

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