Observation of very high energy cosmic-ray families in emulsion chambers at high mountain altitudes (I)

Baradzei, L.T.; Borisov, A. S.; Cherdyntseva, K. V.; Guseva, Z. M.; Denisova, V. G.; Dobrotin, N.A.; Dunaevsky, A.; Kanevskaya, E. A.; Karpova, S. A.; Maximenko, V.M.; Nam, R.A.; Puchkov, V. S.; Slavatinsky, S. A.; Smirnova,; Yu.A., Smorodin; Uryson, A. V.; Zelevinskaya, N.G.; Zimin, M.; Zhdanov, G. B.; Mikhailova, I. A.; Mukhamedshin, R. A.; Doroshenko, O.; Nikolaeva, L.; Sukhov, L.V.; Зацепин, Г. Т.; Amineva, T.P.; Fedorova, G. F.; Ivanenko, I. P.; Iljina, N.; Kopenkin, V.; Managadze, A. K.; Popova, E.; Rakobolskaya, I.V.; Роганова, Т. М.; Strogova, O.P.; Sveshnikova, L. G.; L.Kh., Chadranyan; Khisanishvili, L. A.; Roinishvili, N.; Svanidze,; Azimov, Z.; Bobodjanov, I. B.; Gubar, N.; Yu.A., Gulov; Normuradov, F.; Khalilov, D.; Myrtojieva, Sh.; Mullajanov, E.G.; Nosov, A. N.; Kh, N.; Yuldashbaev, T. S.; A, Emelyanov Yu; Bielawska, H.; Malinowski, J.; Maciaszczyk, J; Krys, A.; Pluta, Marcin; Tomaszewski, A.; Włodarczyk, Z.; Chinellato, J. A.; Dobrigkeit, C.; Filho, J. Bellandi; Fauth, A. C.; C.M.G., Lattes; Menon, M. J.; Sawayanagi, K.; Shibuya, E. H.; Turtelli, A.; Amato, N. M.; Arata, N.; F.M.O., Castro; R.H.C., Maldonado; Aoki, Hiroshi; Fujimoto, Y.; Funayama, Y.; Hasegawa, S.; Kumano, H.; Semba, H.; Tamada, M.; Yamashita, S.; Shibata, T.; Yokoi, K.; Ohsawa, A.

doi:10.1016/0550-3213(92)90291-i

Cited by 81 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The most well known and most interesting type of these "exotic" events are the "Centauros" [46,47,48]. A "Centauro" is an event (a family) here a large fraction of the total visible energy is attributed to hadron showers.…”

Section: Emulsion Chambers Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmic ray astrophysics and hadronic interactions

Lipari

2003

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

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Research in cosmic rays is now nearly a century old, but most of the fundamental questions in this field remain unanswered, on the other hand the perspectives of future studies in the next decade are very bright. New detectors will provide higher quality data in the entire energy range from 10 8 to 10 20 eV (or more if particles of higher energy have non negligible fluxes), moreover cosmic ray astrophysics must now be considered, together with gamma, neutrino and gravitational wave astronomy, as one of the subfields of high energy astrophysics, and using information from these four "messengers" there is the potential of a detailed understanding of the origin of the high energy radiation in the universe. High energy cosmic rays are measured indirectly observing the showers they generate in the atmosphere, and a correct and detailed interpretation of these measurements will require an improved understanding of the properties of hadronic interactions. The new collider experiments, and in particular the LHC project at CERN offer the unique possibility to perform measurements of great value for cosmic ray astrophysics. It is of great importance for cosmic research that this possibility is fully exploited with the appropriate instrumentation and analysis.

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Section: Emulsion Chambers Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmic ray astrophysics and hadronic interactions

Lipari

2003

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

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“…16. They demonstrate quite different shapes to "normal" events, generated by HIJING 4 . Morever, they also differ substantially one from another.…”

Section: Unusual Events In the Castor Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Centauro events, characterised by an extreme imbalance between hadronic and gamma-ray components among the produced secondaries, are the best known examples of numerous unusual events reported in cosmic-ray experiments [1,3,4]. There have been many attempts to explain Centauro events, including different types of isospin fluctuations or formation of disoriented chiral condensate (DCC) [5,6], multiparticle Bose-Einstein correlations (BEC) [7] and strange quark matter (SQM) formation [8][9][10].…”

Section: Centauro Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It seems that one of the "ridge" effects observed recently by CMS [83], i.e., the long-range correlations at ∆ ∼ 0 4 HIJING is basically designed to simulate multiple jets and particle production in pp, pA or AA collisions. PYTHIA subroutines and Lund jet fragmentation schemes are used and ∆η > ∼ 4, is related to the coplanarity phenomenon observed in cosmic-ray experiments.…”

Section: A Search For Cpg In Collider Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emulsion chamber observations of Centauros, aligned events and the long-flying component

et al. 2012

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“…The production and subsequent relaxation of such DCCs may also explain the so-called "Centauro" high-energy cosmic ray events, in which very large numbers of charged pions are detected with only very few neutral pions. [2,7] However, as emphasized in [8,9], if the disoriented domains do not grow to such large scales within heavy ion collisions, such experimental signatures become less and less easy to distinguish from the isospin-invariant case. Even if DCCs are produced following a heavy ion collision, if the domains do not grow to be "large" (that is, several fm), then the detector would sample so many of these discrete domains within a given run, each of which with the pion field aligned along some random direction, that the clustering effects would be washed out.…”

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confidence: 99%

Larger domains from resonant decay of disoriented chiral condensates

Kaiser

1999

Phys. Rev. D

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The decay of disoriented chiral condensates into soft pions is considered within the context of a linear sigma model. Unlike earlier analytic studies, which focused on the production of pions as the sigma field rolled down toward its new equilibrium value, here we focus on the amplification of long-wavelength pion modes due to parametric resonance as the sigma field oscillates around the minimum of its potential. This process can create larger domains of pion fluctuations than the usual spinodal decomposition process, and hence may provide a viable experimental signature for chiral symmetry breaking in relativistic heavy ion collisions; it may also better explain physically the large growth of domains found in several numerical simulations. ͓S0556-2821͑99͒03911-9͔PACS number͑s͒: 25.75.Ϫq Experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven and at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN may soon be able to probe many questions in strong-interaction physics which have until now been studied only on paper or simulated on a lattice. One major area of study concerns the QCD chiral phase transition. In relativistic heavy ion collisions, it is possible that non-equilibrium dynamics could produce ''disoriented chiral condensates'' ͑DCCs͒, domains in which a particular direction of the pion field develops a nonzero expectation value ͓1-3͔. These domains would then decay to the usual QCD vacuum by radiating soft pions. Preliminary searches for DCCs by the MiniMax Collaboration in pp collisions at Fermilab have thus far not found evidence for the production and decay of DCCs ͓4͔, though they are far more likely to be created in upcoming heavy ion collisions. Thus, understanding their possible formation and likely decay signatures in anticipation of further experimental work is of key importance.If these domains grow to sufficient size ͑on the order of 3-7 fm͒, such an experimental event would be marked by a particular clustering pattern: some regions within the detector would measure a large number of charged pions but few neutral pions, while other regions of the detector would measure predominantly neutral pions with few charged pions ͓2͔. Defining R to be the ratio of neutral pions to total pions, Rϵn o /(n oϩ n ϩϩ n Ϫ) , it has been demonstrated that the probability for measuring various ratios R in DCC events obeys P(R)ϭ(4R) Ϫ1/2 , which, especially for small-R, may be easily distinguished from the isospin-invariant result of P(R)→␦(RϪ1/3) ͓2͔. ͑Detecting the decay of such DCCs could be improved by measuring the two-pion correlation functions ͓5͔, and from enhanced dilepton and photoproduction ͓6͔, in addition to studying the fraction of neutral pions produced.͒ The production and subsequent relaxation of such DCCs may also explain the so-called ''Centauro'' highenergy cosmic ray events, in which very large numbers of charged pions are detected with only very few neutral pions ͓2,7͔.However, as emphasized in ͓8,9͔, if the disoriented domains do not grow to such large scales within heavy ion collisions, such exper...

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Observation of very high energy cosmic-ray families in emulsion chambers at high mountain altitudes (I)

Cited by 81 publications

References 9 publications

Cosmic ray astrophysics and hadronic interactions

Cosmic ray astrophysics and hadronic interactions

Emulsion chamber observations of Centauros, aligned events and the long-flying component

Larger domains from resonant decay of disoriented chiral condensates

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