Observation of Weed Species, Frequency and Density in Common Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Fields of Diyarbakir, Turkey: A Case Study

Abstract

The weed species in the common barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) fields in the Diyarbakir were observed with this study. For this purpose, 50 quadrats of 1m by 1m (1 m -2 ) were randomly placed and examined at each study site. In every set of the quadrat, frequency and density were observed throughout the cropping season of 2015-2016. During the course of field study 72 weed species belonging to 21 families, 13 grasses, 59 broadleaves were recorded. The common families were Asteraceae and Poaceae in the common barley fields. The encounter frequency of weeds was determined by observing 80% wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L., 80%), animated oat (Avena sterilis L., 63%), common wild oat (Avena fatua L., 54%), corn buttercup (Ranunculus arvensis L., 54%), corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas L., 52%), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., 51%), volunteer lentils (Lens culinaris Medik., 51%). Wild mustard, which had the highest frequency was also the densest weed species (5.18 plant m -2 ), and other species such as animated oat (4.33 plant m -2 ), creeping thistle (1.77 plant m -2 ), common wild oat (1.72 plant m -2 ), corn buttercup (1.47 plant m -2 ), cleavers (1.38 plant m -2 ), corn poppy (1.22 plant m -2 ), volunteer lentils (1.07 plant m -2 ) were important species at all the observed fields. It was observed that the great infestation was shown by broadleaf weeds due to the lack of effective weed control in the barley areas.

Scientific Horizons

“…(2011) reported about a direct effect of productive tillering on the plant performance; M. Ataei (2006) -about direct effects of the spike length and spikelet number per spike on the performance; T. Setotaw et al (2014)about direct effects of productive tillering, grain number per spike, plant height, spike length and growing period; R. Tanaka and H. Nakano (2019) revealed the direct effect of the biological productivity of the plant. These traits also positively correlated with the plant performance and were therefore considered as predicting determinants or as selection criteria.…”

A novel of Study Effect of Herbicides and Nitrogen Rate on Yield and Components of the Barley Crop (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Iraq

“…In Iraq, production for the winter season for the year 2020 was estimated (1756) thousand tons, and the cultivated area was estimated (1132) . Many types of weeds spread in the barley fields during its growing season, and these species belong to different plant families, However, the requirements for their growth are the same as those of barley, especially the narrow leaf weeds, as a result, some weeds have become epidemics because of the adaptations that successive generations get as a result of using herbicide [ 7 ] . The introduction of specialized pesticides, as most of them were adopted in the fight against the weeds, including the pesticide 2.4.…”

Control of weeds in spring barley crops at different times of herbicide application

“…Garcke), field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. ), sow thistle ( Sonchus arvensis L.), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) [5][6][7].…”