Observation on Effect of Rare Earth Element on Time Series of AC Conductivities in Rare Earth Nitrate Crystals Having Metastable Phenomena

Electrical properties of lead nitrate single crystals

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In our experimental research on the physical properties of the rare earth nitrate crystals, the meta-stable phenomena were dependent on the rare earth element R [10]. This suggests a possibility to observe the meta-stable phenomena in crystals of nitrate compounds containing heavy elements of high atomic number.…”

“…The non-ergodic, nonlinear and non-equilibrium phenomena, dependent on the heavy rare earth element, were found in rare earth nitrate crystals [9,10]. The meta-stability observed in lead nitrate was classified into the same category of those found in rare earth nitrate crystals.…”

Observation on meta-stability of thulium nitrate crystal by using electric measurements

“…The distinct intermittent non-periodic oscillations (bursts) were observed [8]. The dependence of the rare-earth element on the time series of the ac conductivity was found in the rare-earth nitrate crystals [9].…”

“…The meta-stability in the rare-earth nitrate crystals depends on rare-earth element [9]. The origin of the meta-stability in the rare-earth nitrate crystal could be attributed to non-linear dynamical microscopic characteristics of the rare-earth element.…”