Observational Constraints on Late-time Radio Rebrightening of GRB/Supernovae

Peters, Charee; Horst, A. J. van der; Chomiuk, Laura; Kathirgamaraju, Adithan; Duran, R. Barniol; Giannios, Dimitrios; Reynolds, C.; Paragi, Z.; Wilcots, Eric M.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aafb3c

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…Since LGRBs are accompanied by GRB-SNe, it is possible that the late-time radio luminosity of J1419+3940 will enter a second rise phase as the slower-moving SN ejecta collides with the ambient CSM (Barniol Duran & Giannios 2015; Kathirgamaraju et al 2016;Peters et al 2019;Margalit & Piran 2020;Eftekhari et al 2021). The relatively close distance of J1419+3940 combined with its old age make this source an opportune target for detecting such emission, which would present unique possibilities for probing additional physics of the explosion (Margalit & Piran 2020).…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-Time Evolution and Modeling of the Off-Axis Gamma-ray Burst Candidate FIRST J141918.9+394036

Mooley,

Margalit,

Law

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We present new radio and optical data, including very long baseline interferometry, as well as archival data analysis, for the luminous decades-long radio transient FIRST J141918.9+394036. The radio data reveal a synchrotron self-absorption peak around 0.3 GHz and a radius of 1.2 ± 0.5 mas (0.5 ± 0.2 pc) 26 years post-discovery, indicating a blastwave energy ∼ 5 × 10 50 erg. The optical spectrum shows a broad [OIII]λ4959,5007 emission-line that may indicate collisional-excitation in the host galaxy, but its association with the transient cannot be ruled out. The properties of the host galaxy are suggestive of a massive stellar progenitor that formed at low metallicity. Based on the radio light curve, blastwave velocity, energetics, nature of the host galaxy and transient rates we find that the properties of J1419+3940 are most consistent with long gamma-ray burst (LGRB) afterglows. Other classes of (optically-discovered) stellar explosions as well as neutron star mergers are disfavored, and invoking any exotic scenario may not be necessary. It is therefore likely that J1419+3940 is an off-axis LGRB afterglow (as suggested by Law et al. and Marcote et al.), and under this premise the inverse beaming fraction is found to be f −1 b 280 +700 −200 , corresponding to an average jet half-opening angle < θ j > 5 +4 −2 degrees (68% confidence), consistent with previous estimates. From the volumetric rate we predict that surveys with the VLA, ASKAP and MeerKAT will find a handful of J1419+3940-like events over the coming years.

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Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-Time Evolution and Modeling of the Off-Axis Gamma-ray Burst Candidate FIRST J141918.9+394036

Mooley,

Margalit,

Law

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Due to this constraint, our search was unable to test late-time rebrightening theories for GRB/SN systems since this phenomenon is predicted to occur on the timescales of a few decades and usually at sub-mJy flux-density levels (e.g. Peters et al 2019). Still, our search was sensitive to local, radio-bright GRB/SN afterglows as demonstrated by the detection of late-time emission from the GRB 171205A/SN 2017iuk system.…”

Section: Search Strategy Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Unbiased radio transient surveys enable us to probe all events in the survey footprints for unusual or unexpected afterglow emission, which may otherwise be missed if not prioritised in traditional follow-up campaigns. For instance, using surveys to followup events could further our understanding of radio-quiet and -loud GRBs (Hancock et al 2013;Lloyd-Ronning & Fryer 2017;Lloyd-Ronning et al 2019) as well as test for hypothesised GRB/supernova (GRB/SN) afterglow rebrightening effects, which are expected to occur on the order of decades post-burst when the supernova ejecta enters the Sedov-Taylor phase (Barniol Duran & Giannios 2015;Peters et al 2019). They could also enable us to monitor the late-time behaviour of well studied bursts with greater cadence, allowing for their burst parameters to be constrained independent of the burst geometry as the fireball transitions into the non-relativistic regime (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A search for radio afterglows from gamma-ray bursts with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder

Leung,

Murphy,

Ghirlanda

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We present a search for radio afterglows from long gamma-ray bursts using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). Our search used the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey, covering the entire celestial sphere south of declination +41 • , and three epochs of the Variables and Slow Transients Pilot Survey (Phase 1), covering ∼ 5, 000 square degrees per epoch. The observations we used from these surveys spanned a nine-month period from 2019 April 21 to 2020 January 11. We crossmatched radio sources found in these surveys with 779 well-localised (to ≤ 15 ) long gamma-ray bursts occurring after 2004 and determined whether the associations were more likely afterglow-or host-related through the analysis of optical images. In our search, we detected one radio afterglow candidate associated with GRB 171205A, a local low-luminosity gamma-ray burst with a supernova counterpart SN 2017iuk, in an ASKAP observation 511 days post-burst. We confirmed this detection with further observations of the radio afterglow using the Australia Telescope Compact Array at 859 days and 884 days post-burst. Combining this data with archival data from early-time radio observations, we showed the evolution of the radio spectral energy distribution alone could reveal clear signatures of a wind-like circumburst medium for the burst. Finally, we derived semi-analytical estimates for the microphysical shock parameters of the burst: electron power-law index 𝑝 = 2.84, normalised wind-density parameter 𝐴 * = 3, fractional energy in electrons 𝜖 𝑒 = 0.3, and fractional energy in magnetic fields 𝜖 𝐵 = 0.0002.

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“…Models for llGRBs include off-axis emission from a regular LGRB jet (Nakamura, 1998;Eichler & Levinson, 1999;Yamazaki et al, 2003), a long lived (> 10 3 s) low power central engine Irwin & Chevalier, 2016) and shock breakout (Kulkarni et al, 1998;Campana et al, 2006;Li, 2007;Waxman et al, 2007;Katz et al, 2010;Nakar & Sari, 2012;Nakar, 2015). The off-axis jet model predicts strong radio emission to appear several years after the gamma-ray flash, which is inconsistent with the radio luminosity observed in GRB 980425 (e.g., Waxman, 2004;Soderberg et al, 2004;Peters et al, 2019). It may also be in tension with compactness limits .…”

Section: Chocked Jets and Low Luminosity Grbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics of radiation mediated shocks and its applications to GRBs, supernovae, and neutron star mergers

Levinson

Nakar

2020

Physics Reports

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The first electromagnetic signal observed in different types of cosmic explosions is released upon emergence of a shock created in the explosion from the opaque envelope enshrouding the central source. Notable examples are the early emission from various types of supernovae and low luminosity GRBs, the prompt photospheric emission in long GRBs, and the gamma-ray emission that accompanied the gravitational wave signal in neutron star mergers. In all of these examples, the shock driven by the explosion is mediated by the radiation trapped inside it, and its velocity and structure, that depend on environmental conditions, dictate the characteristics of the observed electromagnetic emission at early times, and potentially also their neutrino emission. Much efforts have been devoted in recent years to develop a detailed theory of radiation mediated shocks in an attempt to predict the properties of the early emission in the aforementioned systems. These efforts are timely in view of the anticipated detection rate of shock breakout candidates by upcoming transient factories, and the potential detection of a gamma-ray flash from shock breakout in neutron star mergers like GW170817. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the theory and applications of radiation mediated shocks, starting from basic principles. The classification of shock solutions, which are governed by the conditions prevailing in each class of objects, and the methods used to solve the shock equations in different regimes will be described, with particular emphasis on the observational diagnostics. The applications to supernovae, low-luminosity GRBs, long GRBs, neutron star mergers, and neutrino emission will be highlighted.

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Observational Constraints on Late-time Radio Rebrightening of GRB/Supernovae

Cited by 13 publications

References 77 publications

Late-Time Evolution and Modeling of the Off-Axis Gamma-ray Burst Candidate FIRST J141918.9+394036

Late-Time Evolution and Modeling of the Off-Axis Gamma-ray Burst Candidate FIRST J141918.9+394036

A search for radio afterglows from gamma-ray bursts with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder

Physics of radiation mediated shocks and its applications to GRBs, supernovae, and neutron star mergers

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